diff --git a/Projects/Server/Utilities/Utility.cs b/Projects/Server/Utilities/Utility.cs
index f3786d834..9d7cd9f3b 100644
--- a/Projects/Server/Utilities/Utility.cs
+++ b/Projects/Server/Utilities/Utility.cs
@@ -1050,28 +1050,16 @@ public static partial class Utility
             return;
         }
 
-        using var queue = PooledRefQueue<K>.Create();
         foreach (var (key, value) in dictionary)
         {
-            if (serializableKey)
-            {
-                if (key == null || ((ISerializable)key).Deleted)
-                {
-                    queue.Enqueue(key);
-                }
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                if (value == null || ((ISerializable)value).Deleted)
-                {
-                    queue.Enqueue(key);
-                }
-            }
-        }
+            var deleted = serializableKey
+                ? ((ISerializable)key).Deleted
+                : value == null || ((ISerializable)value).Deleted;
 
-        while (queue.Count > 0)
-        {
-            dictionary.Remove(queue.Dequeue());
+            if (deleted)
+            {
+                dictionary.Remove(key);
+            }
         }
 
         dictionary.TrimExcess();
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Commands/VisibilityList.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Commands/VisibilityList.cs
index 3e4a0dc2a..ddad258c2 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Commands/VisibilityList.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Commands/VisibilityList.cs
@@ -103,9 +103,8 @@ namespace Server.Commands
                     {
                         var list = pm.VisibilityList;
 
-                        if (list.Contains(targ))
+                        if (list.Remove(targ))
                         {
-                            list.Remove(targ);
                             pm.SendMessage($"{targ.Name} has been removed from your visibility list.");
                         }
                         else
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/CannedEvil/ChampionTitleSystem.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/CannedEvil/ChampionTitleSystem.cs
index d82bfaf15..6160c4595 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/CannedEvil/ChampionTitleSystem.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/CannedEvil/ChampionTitleSystem.cs
@@ -167,20 +167,13 @@ public class ChampionTitleSystem : GenericPersistence
                 return;
             }
 
-            using var queue = PooledRefQueue<Mobile>.Create();
-
             foreach (var context in _championTitleContexts.Values)
             {
                 if (!context.CheckAtrophy())
                 {
-                    queue.Enqueue(context.Player);
+                    _championTitleContexts.Remove(context.Player);
                 }
             }
-
-            while (queue.Count > 0)
-            {
-                _championTitleContexts.Remove((PlayerMobile)queue.Dequeue());
-            }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Chat/Channel.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Chat/Channel.cs
index 09b8f6cb3..69f33ddcf 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Chat/Channel.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Chat/Channel.cs
@@ -146,15 +146,8 @@ namespace Server.Engines.Chat
                 m_Users.Remove(user);
                 user.CurrentChannel = null;
 
-                if (m_Moderators.Contains(user))
-                {
-                    m_Moderators.Remove(user);
-                }
-
-                if (m_Voices.Contains(user))
-                {
-                    m_Voices.Remove(user);
-                }
+                m_Moderators.Remove(user);
+                m_Voices.Remove(user);
 
                 SendCommand(ChatCommand.RemoveUserFromChannel, user, user.Username);
                 ChatSystem.SendCommandTo(user.Mobile, ChatCommand.LeaveChannel);
@@ -183,10 +176,7 @@ namespace Server.Engines.Chat
 
         public void RemoveBan(ChatUser user)
         {
-            if (m_Banned.Contains(user))
-            {
-                m_Banned.Remove(user);
-            }
+            m_Banned.Remove(user);
         }
 
         public void Kick(ChatUser user, ChatUser moderator = null)
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Games/BombingRun.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Games/BombingRun.cs
index 29e0b9949..f32168cbf 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Games/BombingRun.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Games/BombingRun.cs
@@ -716,10 +716,7 @@ public partial class BRBomb : Item
 
             m.Target = new BombTarget(this, m);
 
-            if (m_Helpers.Contains(m))
-            {
-                m_Helpers.Remove(m);
-            }
+            m_Helpers.Remove(m);
 
             if (m_Helpers.Count > 0)
             {
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Ruleset.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Ruleset.cs
index fb4a1ec8b..895496c43 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Ruleset.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ConPVP/Ruleset.cs
@@ -56,12 +56,11 @@ namespace Server.Engines.ConPVP
 
         public void RemoveFlavor(Ruleset flavor)
         {
-            if (!Flavors.Contains(flavor))
+            if (!Flavors.Remove(flavor))
             {
                 return;
             }
 
-            Flavors.Remove(flavor);
             Options.And(flavor.Options.Not());
             flavor.Options.Not();
         }
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Khaldun/PuzzleChest.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Khaldun/PuzzleChest.cs
index a5872e437..4548522b4 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Khaldun/PuzzleChest.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Khaldun/PuzzleChest.cs
@@ -550,21 +550,14 @@ namespace Server.Items
                 return;
             }
 
-            using var toDelete = PooledRefQueue<Mobile>.Create();
-
             foreach (var (key, value) in _guesses)
             {
                 if (Core.Now - value.When > CleanupTime)
                 {
-                    toDelete.Enqueue(key);
+                    _guesses.Remove(key);
                 }
             }
 
-            while (toDelete.Count > 0)
-            {
-                _guesses.Remove(toDelete.Dequeue());
-            }
-
             if (_guesses.Count == 0)
             {
                 _guesses = null;
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ML Quests/Gumps/RaceChangeGump.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ML Quests/Gumps/RaceChangeGump.cs
index 6e37f88f5..a0de2461d 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ML Quests/Gumps/RaceChangeGump.cs	
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/ML Quests/Gumps/RaceChangeGump.cs	
@@ -116,10 +116,9 @@ namespace Server.Engines.MLQuests.Gumps
 
         private static void CloseCurrent(NetState ns)
         {
-            if (m_Pending.TryGetValue(ns, out var state))
+            if (m_Pending.Remove(ns, out var state))
             {
                 state._timeoutToken.Cancel();
-                m_Pending.Remove(ns);
             }
 
             ns.SendCloseRaceChanger();
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Pathing/Cache/StepCache.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Pathing/Cache/StepCache.cs
index adf178927..b4c5eba7c 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Pathing/Cache/StepCache.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Pathing/Cache/StepCache.cs
@@ -727,20 +727,14 @@ public sealed class StepCache
         var window = MissPromotionWindowMs;
         var beforeCount = _chunkMissTracker.Count;
 
-        using var toRemove = PooledRefQueue<long>.Create();
         foreach (var kvp in _chunkMissTracker)
         {
             if (now - kvp.Value.LastMissTickStamp > window)
             {
-                toRemove.Enqueue(kvp.Key);
+                _chunkMissTracker.Remove(kvp.Key);
             }
         }
 
-        while (toRemove.Count > 0)
-        {
-            _chunkMissTracker.Remove(toRemove.Dequeue());
-        }
-
         if (_chunkMissTracker.Count == beforeCount)
         {
             _chunkMissTracker.Clear();
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Player Murder System/PlayerMurderSystem.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Player Murder System/PlayerMurderSystem.cs
index b5a1b77d5..d1be82aa9 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Player Murder System/PlayerMurderSystem.cs	
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Player Murder System/PlayerMurderSystem.cs	
@@ -403,27 +403,20 @@ public class PlayerMurderSystem : GenericPersistence
                 return;
             }
 
-            using var queue = PooledRefQueue<Mobile>.Create();
-
             foreach (var context in _contextTerms)
             {
                 context.DecayKills();
                 if (!context.CheckStart())
                 {
-                    queue.Enqueue(context.Player);
-                }
-            }
-
-            while (queue.Count > 0)
-            {
-                var pm = (PlayerMobile)queue.Dequeue();
-                if (_murderContexts.TryGetValue(pm, out var ctx))
-                {
-                    if (ctx.CanRemove())
+                    var pm = context.Player;
+                    if (_murderContexts.TryGetValue(pm, out var ctx))
                     {
-                        _murderContexts.Remove(pm);
+                        if (ctx.CanRemove())
+                        {
+                            _murderContexts.Remove(pm);
+                        }
+                        _contextTerms.Remove(ctx);
                     }
-                    _contextTerms.Remove(ctx);
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Virtues/VirtueSystem.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Virtues/VirtueSystem.cs
index 89c5fa3b5..e57a2d386 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Virtues/VirtueSystem.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Engines/Virtues/VirtueSystem.cs
@@ -372,8 +372,6 @@ public class VirtueSystem : GenericPersistence
                 return;
             }
 
-            using var queue = PooledRefQueue<Mobile>.Create();
-
             // This is not particularly efficient. If it gets too slow, then use a different architecture.
             foreach (var (player, virtues) in _playerVirtues)
             {
@@ -381,14 +379,9 @@ public class VirtueSystem : GenericPersistence
 
                 if (!virtues.IsUsed())
                 {
-                    queue.Enqueue(player);
+                    _playerVirtues.Remove(player);
                 }
             }
-
-            while (queue.Count > 0)
-            {
-                _playerVirtues.Remove((PlayerMobile)queue.Dequeue());
-            }
         }
 
         ~VirtueTimer()
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Items/Misc/ProjectedItem.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Items/Misc/ProjectedItem.cs
index e86025613..03e93d0ea 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Items/Misc/ProjectedItem.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Items/Misc/ProjectedItem.cs
@@ -126,20 +126,14 @@ public partial class ProjectedItem : Item
 
     private static void OnTick()
     {
-        using var queue = PooledRefQueue<Item>.Create();
         foreach (var item in _active)
         {
             if (!item.SendEffect())
             {
-                queue.Enqueue(item);
+                _active.Remove(item);
             }
         }
 
-        while (queue.Count > 0)
-        {
-            _active.Remove(queue.Dequeue() as ProjectedItem);
-        }
-
         if (_active.Count == 0)
         {
             _timer?.Stop();
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Misc/StaminaSystem.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Misc/StaminaSystem.cs
index ed8074cba..fcd5d46b0 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Misc/StaminaSystem.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Misc/StaminaSystem.cs
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
 using ModernUO.CodeGeneratedEvents;
-using Server.Collections;
 using Server.Logging;
 using Server.Mobiles;
 using Server.Spells.Ninjitsu;
@@ -60,22 +59,16 @@ public static class StaminaSystem
         EventSink.Logout += Logout;
 
         // Credit idle time
-        using var queue = PooledRefQueue<IHasSteps>.Create();
         foreach (var m in _stepsTaken.Keys)
         {
-            // We cannot remove since we are iterating.
+            // Keeps the ref valid for the check below.
             ref var stepsTaken = ref RegenSteps(m, out var exists, removeOnInvalidation: false);
 
             if (exists && stepsTaken.Steps <= 0)
             {
-                queue.Enqueue(m);
+                _stepsTaken.Remove(m);
             }
         }
-
-        while (queue.Count > 0)
-        {
-            _stepsTaken.Remove(queue.Dequeue());
-        }
     }
 
     [OnEvent(nameof(PlayerMobile.PlayerDeletedEvent))]
@@ -325,7 +318,7 @@ public static class StaminaSystem
     {
         var from = e.Mobile;
         var running = (e.Direction & Direction.Running) != 0;
-        
+
         if (CannotWalkWhenFatigued && from.Stam <= 0)
         {
             from.SendLocalizedMessage(500110); // You are too fatigued to move.
@@ -481,27 +474,13 @@ public static class StaminaSystem
 
             if (_resetHash.Count > 0)
             {
-                using var queue = PooledRefQueue<IHasSteps>.Create();
-
                 ref var stepsTaken = ref Unsafe.NullRef<StepsTaken>();
                 foreach (var m in _resetHash)
                 {
                     stepsTaken = ref GetStepsTaken(m, out var exists);
                     if (!exists || Core.Now >= stepsTaken.IdleStartTime + ResetDuration)
                     {
-                        queue.Enqueue(m);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                if (_resetHash.Count == queue.Count)
-                {
-                    _resetHash.Clear();
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    while (queue.Count > 0)
-                    {
-                        _resetHash.Remove(queue.Dequeue());
+                        _resetHash.Remove(m);
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Mobiles/AI/BaseAI/AIGroupMovement.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Mobiles/AI/BaseAI/AIGroupMovement.cs
index af6c00038..08a745296 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Mobiles/AI/BaseAI/AIGroupMovement.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Mobiles/AI/BaseAI/AIGroupMovement.cs
@@ -27,20 +27,13 @@ public abstract partial class BaseAI
 
     private static void CleanupReservedPositions()
     {
-        using var toRemove = PooledRefQueue<BaseCreature>.Create();
-
         foreach (var (m, p) in _reservedPositions)
         {
             if (m?.Deleted != false || m.GetDistanceToSqrt(p) < 1)
             {
-                toRemove.Enqueue(m);
+                _reservedPositions.Remove(m);
             }
         }
-
-        while (toRemove.Count > 0)
-        {
-            _reservedPositions.Remove(toRemove.Dequeue());
-        }
     }
 
     private bool UseGroupMovement(Mobile target) =>
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Network/AutoDenylist/AutoDenylist.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Network/AutoDenylist/AutoDenylist.cs
index a55280e1a..3ed36cfe5 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Network/AutoDenylist/AutoDenylist.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Network/AutoDenylist/AutoDenylist.cs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Threading;
-using Server.Collections;
 using Server.Logging;
 using Server.Network.Bans;
 
@@ -134,22 +133,18 @@ public static class AutoDenylist
             return;
         }
 
-        using var lapsed = new PooledRefList<UInt128>(16);
+        var lapsed = 0;
 
         foreach (var (address, expires) in _held)
         {
             if (expires - nowTicks <= 0)
             {
-                lapsed.Add(address);
+                _held.Remove(address);
+                lapsed++;
             }
         }
 
-        for (var i = 0; i < lapsed.Count; i++)
-        {
-            _held.Remove(lapsed[i]);
-        }
-
-        if (lapsed.Count > 0)
+        if (lapsed > 0)
         {
             _warnedFull = false;
         }
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Network/Blocklist/PromotedGuard.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Network/Blocklist/PromotedGuard.cs
index 4f820b16e..bba8e3ee5 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Network/Blocklist/PromotedGuard.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Network/Blocklist/PromotedGuard.cs
@@ -39,17 +39,13 @@ public sealed class PromotedGuard
         {
             return;
         }
-        using var dead = Collections.PooledRefQueue<UInt128>.Create();
+
         foreach (var (ip, exp) in _expiry)
         {
             if (exp - nowTicks <= 0)
             {
-                dead.Enqueue(ip);
+                _expiry.Remove(ip);
             }
         }
-        while (dead.Count > 0)
-        {
-            _expiry.Remove(dead.Dequeue());
-        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Network/LoginAllowlist/LoginAllowlist.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Network/LoginAllowlist/LoginAllowlist.cs
index ed65b5ec6..c44ceb33d 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Network/LoginAllowlist/LoginAllowlist.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Network/LoginAllowlist/LoginAllowlist.cs
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ using System.IO;
 using System.Net;
 using System.Text;
 using System.Threading.Tasks;
-using Server.Collections;
 using Server.Logging;
 using Server.Network.Bans;
 
@@ -230,13 +229,15 @@ public static class LoginAllowlist
         var stamps = new long[_allowed.Count];
         var count = 0;
 
-        using var expired = new PooledRefList<UInt128>(16);
+        var dropped = 0;
 
         foreach (var (address, stamp) in _allowed)
         {
             if (stamp < cutoff)
             {
-                expired.Add(address);
+                _allowed.Remove(address);
+                _strikes.Remove(address);
+                dropped++;
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -245,19 +246,12 @@ public static class LoginAllowlist
             count++;
         }
 
-        for (var i = 0; i < expired.Count; i++)
-        {
-            _allowed.Remove(expired[i]);
-            _strikes.Remove(expired[i]);
-        }
-
         PruneStaleStrikes(nowUnix);
 
         _dirty = false;
 
         var path = _path;
         var total = count;
-        var dropped = expired.Count;
 
         _ = Task.Run(() => Write(path, addresses, stamps, total, dropped));
     }
@@ -270,20 +264,13 @@ public static class LoginAllowlist
             return;
         }
 
-        using var stale = new PooledRefList<UInt128>(16);
-
         foreach (var (address, strike) in _strikes)
         {
             if (nowUnix - strike.WindowStart > _strikeWindowSeconds)
             {
-                stale.Add(address);
+                _strikes.Remove(address);
             }
         }
-
-        for (var i = 0; i < stale.Count; i++)
-        {
-            _strikes.Remove(stale[i]);
-        }
     }
 
     private static void Write(string path, UInt128[] addresses, long[] stamps, int count, int dropped)
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Skills/AntiMacroSystem.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Skills/AntiMacroSystem.cs
index 60fcc899f..e37431ddd 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Skills/AntiMacroSystem.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Skills/AntiMacroSystem.cs
@@ -120,23 +120,17 @@ public static class AntiMacroSystem
 
         var now = Core.Now;
 
-        using var toRemove = PooledRefQueue<Mobile>.Create();
         foreach (var (m, antiMacro) in _antiMacroTable)
         {
             if (antiMacro._lastExpiration <= now)
             {
-                toRemove.Enqueue(m);
+                _antiMacroTable.Remove(m);
             }
             else
             {
                 antiMacro.CleanExpired();
             }
         }
-
-        while (toRemove.Count > 0)
-        {
-            _antiMacroTable.Remove(toRemove.Dequeue());
-        }
     }
 
     [OnEvent(nameof(PlayerMobile.PlayerLoginEvent))]
@@ -259,20 +253,13 @@ public static class AntiMacroSystem
         {
             var now = Core.Now;
 
-            using var toRemove = PooledRefQueue<(Skill, object)>.Create();
-
             foreach (var (key, countAndTimeStamp) in _antiMacroTracking)
             {
                 if (countAndTimeStamp._count <= 0 || countAndTimeStamp._expiration <= now)
                 {
-                    toRemove.Enqueue(key);
+                    _antiMacroTracking.Remove(key);
                 }
             }
-
-            while (toRemove.Count > 0)
-            {
-                _antiMacroTracking.Remove(toRemove.Dequeue());
-            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/Projects/UOContent/Skills/DetectHidden.cs b/Projects/UOContent/Skills/DetectHidden.cs
index b1b0a02fb..487eda693 100644
--- a/Projects/UOContent/Skills/DetectHidden.cs
+++ b/Projects/UOContent/Skills/DetectHidden.cs
@@ -39,20 +39,13 @@ public static class DetectHidden
     // Clean up old debounce entries to prevent memory bloat
     private static void CleanupDebounceCache(long now)
     {
-        using var entriesToRemove = PooledRefQueue<(Mobile, Mobile)>.Create();
-
         foreach (var entry in PassiveDetectDebounce)
         {
             if (now - entry.Value > DebounceExpiryMs)
             {
-                entriesToRemove.Enqueue(entry.Key);
+                PassiveDetectDebounce.Remove(entry.Key);
             }
         }
-
-        while (entriesToRemove.Count > 0)
-        {
-            PassiveDetectDebounce.Remove(entriesToRemove.Dequeue());
-        }
     }
 
     // For testing: clear the debounce cache to prevent cross-test contamination