/***************************************************************************
 *                                  Map.cs
 *                            -------------------
 *   begin                : May 1, 2002
 *   copyright            : (C) The RunUO Software Team
 *   email                : info@runuo.com
 *
 *   $Id$
 *
 ***************************************************************************/

/***************************************************************************
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 ***************************************************************************/

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Server.Items;
using Server.Network;
using Server.Targeting;

namespace Server
{
  [Flags]
  public enum MapRules
  {
    None = 0x0000,
    Internal = 0x0001, // Internal map (used for dragging, commodity deeds, etc)
    FreeMovement = 0x0002, // Anyone can move over anyone else without taking stamina loss
    BeneficialRestrictions = 0x0004, // Disallow performing beneficial actions on criminals/murderers
    HarmfulRestrictions = 0x0008, // Disallow performing harmful actions on innocents
    TrammelRules = FreeMovement | BeneficialRestrictions | HarmfulRestrictions,
    FeluccaRules = None
  }

  public interface IPooledEnumerable : IEnumerable
  {
    void Free();
  }

  public interface IPooledEnumerable<T> : IPooledEnumerable, IEnumerable<T>
  {
  }

  public static class PooledEnumeration
  {
    public delegate IEnumerable<T> Selector<out T>(Sector sector, Rectangle2D bounds);

    static PooledEnumeration()
    {
      ClientSelector = SelectClients;
      EntitySelector = SelectEntities;
      MobileSelector = SelectMobiles<Mobile>;
      ItemSelector = SelectItems<Item>;
      MultiSelector = SelectMultis;
      MultiTileSelector = SelectMultiTiles;
    }

    public static Selector<NetState> ClientSelector{ get; set; }
    public static Selector<IEntity> EntitySelector{ get; set; }
    public static Selector<Mobile> MobileSelector{ get; set; }
    public static Selector<Item> ItemSelector{ get; set; }
    public static Selector<BaseMulti> MultiSelector{ get; set; }
    public static Selector<StaticTile[]> MultiTileSelector{ get; set; }

    public static IEnumerable<NetState> SelectClients(Sector s, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return s.Clients.Where(o => o?.Mobile?.Deleted == false && bounds.Contains(o.Mobile));
    }

    public static IEnumerable<IEntity> SelectEntities(Sector s, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return SelectEntities(s, true, true, bounds);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<IEntity> SelectEntities(Sector s, bool items, bool mobiles, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      IEnumerable<IEntity> eable = Enumerable.Empty<IEntity>();
      if (mobiles)
        eable = eable.Union(s.Mobiles.Where(o => o?.Deleted == false));
      if (items)
        eable = eable.Union(s.Items.Where(o => o?.Deleted == false && o.Parent == null));

      return eable.Where(bounds.Contains);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> SelectMobiles<T>(Sector s, Rectangle2D bounds) where T : Mobile
    {
      return s.Mobiles.OfType<T>().Where(o => !o.Deleted && bounds.Contains(o));
    }

    public static IEnumerable<T> SelectItems<T>(Sector s, Rectangle2D bounds) where T : Item
    {
      return s.Items.OfType<T>()
        .Where(o => o.Deleted == false && o.Parent == null && bounds.Contains(o));
    }

    public static IEnumerable<BaseMulti> SelectMultis(Sector s, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return s.Multis.Where(o => o?.Deleted == false && bounds.Contains(o.Location));
    }

    public static IEnumerable<StaticTile[]> SelectMultiTiles(Sector s, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      foreach (BaseMulti o in s.Multis.Where(o => o?.Deleted == false))
      {
        MultiComponentList c = o.Components;

        int x, y, xo, yo;
        StaticTile[] t, r;

        for (x = bounds.Start.X; x < bounds.End.X; x++)
        {
          xo = x - (o.X + c.Min.X);

          if (xo < 0 || xo >= c.Width) continue;

          for (y = bounds.Start.Y; y < bounds.End.Y; y++)
          {
            yo = y - (o.Y + c.Min.Y);

            if (yo < 0 || yo >= c.Height) continue;

            t = c.Tiles[xo][yo];

            if (t.Length <= 0) continue;

            r = new StaticTile[t.Length];

            for (int i = 0; i < t.Length; i++)
            {
              r[i] = t[i];
              r[i].Z += o.Z;
            }

            yield return r;
          }
        }
      }
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<NetState> GetClients(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return Map.PooledEnumerable<NetState>.Instantiate(map, bounds, ClientSelector ?? SelectClients);
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<IEntity> GetEntities(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds, bool items = true, bool mobiles = true)
    {
      return Map.PooledEnumerable<IEntity>.Instantiate(map, bounds, EntitySelector ?? SelectEntities);
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<Mobile> GetMobiles(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return GetMobiles<Mobile>(map, bounds);
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<T> GetMobiles<T>(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds) where T : Mobile
    {
      return Map.PooledEnumerable<T>.Instantiate(map, bounds, SelectMobiles<T>);
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<T> GetItems<T>(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds) where T : Item
    {
      return Map.PooledEnumerable<T>.Instantiate(map, bounds, SelectItems<T>);
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<BaseMulti> GetMultis(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return Map.PooledEnumerable<BaseMulti>.Instantiate(map, bounds, MultiSelector ?? SelectMultis);
    }

    public static Map.PooledEnumerable<StaticTile[]> GetMultiTiles(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return Map.PooledEnumerable<StaticTile[]>.Instantiate(map, bounds, MultiTileSelector ?? SelectMultiTiles);
    }

    public static IEnumerable<Sector> EnumerateSectors(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      if (map == null || map == Map.Internal)
        yield break;

      int x1 = bounds.Start.X;
      int y1 = bounds.Start.Y;
      int x2 = bounds.End.X;
      int y2 = bounds.End.Y;

      if (!Bound(map, ref x1, ref y1, ref x2, ref y2, out int xSector, out int ySector))
        yield break;

      int index = 0;

      while (NextSector(map, x1, y1, x2, y2, ref index, ref xSector, ref ySector, out Sector s))
        yield return s;
    }

    public static bool Bound(
      Map map,
      ref int x1,
      ref int y1,
      ref int x2,
      ref int y2,
      out int xSector,
      out int ySector)
    {
      if (map == null || map == Map.Internal)
      {
        xSector = ySector = 0;
        return false;
      }

      map.Bound(x1, y1, out x1, out y1);
      map.Bound(x2 - 1, y2 - 1, out x2, out y2);

      x1 >>= Map.SectorShift;
      y1 >>= Map.SectorShift;
      x2 >>= Map.SectorShift;
      y2 >>= Map.SectorShift;

      xSector = x1;
      ySector = y1;

      return true;
    }

    private static bool NextSector(
      Map map,
      int x1,
      int y1,
      int x2,
      int y2,
      ref int index,
      ref int xSector,
      ref int ySector,
      out Sector s)
    {
      if (map == null)
      {
        s = null;
        xSector = ySector = 0;
        return false;
      }

      if (map == Map.Internal)
      {
        s = map.InvalidSector;
        xSector = ySector = 0;
        return false;
      }

      if (index++ > 0)
        if (++ySector > y2)
        {
          ySector = y1;

          if (++xSector > x2)
          {
            xSector = x1;

            s = map.InvalidSector;
            return false;
          }
        }

      s = map.GetRealSector(xSector, ySector);
      return true;
    }
  }

  [Parsable]
  //[CustomEnum( new string[]{ "Felucca", "Trammel", "Ilshenar", "Malas", "Internal" } )]
  public sealed class Map : IComparable<Map>
  {
    public const int SectorSize = 16;
    public const int SectorShift = 4;
    public static int SectorActiveRange = 2;

    private static readonly Queue<List<Item>> _FixPool = new Queue<List<Item>>(128);

    private static readonly List<Item> _EmptyFixItems = new List<Item>();
    private Region m_DefaultRegion;

    private int m_FileIndex;

    private string m_Name;
    private Sector[][] m_Sectors;

    private int m_SectorsWidth, m_SectorsHeight;

    private TileMatrix m_Tiles;

    private object tileLock = new object();

    public Map(int mapID, int mapIndex, int fileIndex, int width, int height, int season, string name, MapRules rules)
    {
      MapID = mapID;
      MapIndex = mapIndex;
      m_FileIndex = fileIndex;
      Width = width;
      Height = height;
      Season = season;
      m_Name = name;
      Rules = rules;
      Regions = new Dictionary<string, Region>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
      InvalidSector = new Sector(0, 0, this);
      m_SectorsWidth = width >> SectorShift;
      m_SectorsHeight = height >> SectorShift;
      m_Sectors = new Sector[m_SectorsWidth][];
    }

    public static Map[] Maps{ get; } = new Map[0x100];

    public static Map Felucca => Maps[0];
    public static Map Trammel => Maps[1];
    public static Map Ilshenar => Maps[2];
    public static Map Malas => Maps[3];
    public static Map Tokuno => Maps[4];
    public static Map TerMur => Maps[5];
    public static Map Internal => Maps[0x7F];

    public static List<Map> AllMaps{ get; } = new List<Map>();

    public int Season{ get; set; }

    public TileMatrix Tiles
    {
      get
      {
        if (m_Tiles == null)
          lock (tileLock)
          {
            m_Tiles = new TileMatrix(this, m_FileIndex, MapID, Width, Height);
          }

        return m_Tiles;
      }
    }

    public int MapID{ get; }

    public int MapIndex{ get; }

    public int Width{ get; }

    public int Height{ get; }

    public Dictionary<string, Region> Regions{ get; }

    public Region DefaultRegion
    {
      get => m_DefaultRegion ??
             (m_DefaultRegion = new Region(null, this, 0, new Rectangle3D[0]));
      set => m_DefaultRegion = value;
    }

    public MapRules Rules{ get; set; }

    public Sector InvalidSector{ get; }

    public string Name
    {
      get
      {
        if (this == Internal && m_Name != "Internal")
        {
          Console.WriteLine("Internal Map Name was changed to '{0}'", m_Name);

          m_Name = "Internal";
        }

        return m_Name;
      }
      set
      {
        if (this == Internal && value != "Internal")
        {
          Console.WriteLine("Attempted to set Internal Map Name to '{0}'", value);

          value = "Internal";
        }

        m_Name = value;
      }
    }

    public static int[] InvalidLandTiles{ get; set; } = { 0x244 };

    public int CompareTo(Map other)
    {
      return other == null ? -1 : MapID.CompareTo(other.MapID);
    }

    public static string[] GetMapNames()
    {
      return Maps.Where(m => m != null).Select(m => m.Name).ToArray();
    }

    public static Map[] GetMapValues()
    {
      return Maps.Where(m => m != null).ToArray();
    }

    public static Map Parse(string value)
    {
      if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value))
        return null;

      if (Insensitive.Equals(value, "Internal"))
        return Internal;

      if (!int.TryParse(value, out int index))
        return Maps.FirstOrDefault(m => m != null && Insensitive.Equals(m.Name, value));

      return index == 127 ? Internal : Maps.FirstOrDefault(m => m?.MapIndex == index);
    }

    public override string ToString()
    {
      return Name;
    }

    public int GetAverageZ(int x, int y)
    {
      int z = 0, avg = 0, top = 0;

      GetAverageZ(x, y, ref z, ref avg, ref top);

      return avg;
    }

    public void GetAverageZ(int x, int y, ref int z, ref int avg, ref int top)
    {
      int zTop = Tiles.GetLandTile(x, y).Z;
      int zLeft = Tiles.GetLandTile(x, y + 1).Z;
      int zRight = Tiles.GetLandTile(x + 1, y).Z;
      int zBottom = Tiles.GetLandTile(x + 1, y + 1).Z;

      z = zTop;
      if (zLeft < z)
        z = zLeft;
      if (zRight < z)
        z = zRight;
      if (zBottom < z)
        z = zBottom;

      top = zTop;
      if (zLeft > top)
        top = zLeft;
      if (zRight > top)
        top = zRight;
      if (zBottom > top)
        top = zBottom;

      avg = Math.Abs(zTop - zBottom) > Math.Abs(zLeft - zRight) ?
        FloorAverage(zLeft, zRight) : FloorAverage(zTop, zBottom);
    }

    private static int FloorAverage(int a, int b)
    {
      int v = a + b;

      if (v < 0)
        --v;

      return v / 2;
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<StaticTile[]> GetMultiTilesAt(int x, int y)
    {
      return PooledEnumeration.GetMultiTiles(this, new Rectangle2D(x, y, 1, 1));
    }

    private static List<Item> AcquireFixItems(Map map, int x, int y)
    {
      if (map == null || map == Internal || x < 0 || x > map.Width || y < 0 || y > map.Height)
        return _EmptyFixItems;

      List<Item> pool = null;

      lock (_FixPool)
      {
        if (_FixPool.Count > 0)
          pool = _FixPool.Dequeue();
      }

      if (pool == null)
        pool = new List<Item>(128); // Arbitrary limit

      IPooledEnumerable<Item> eable = map.GetItemsInRange(new Point3D(x, y, 0), 0);

      pool.AddRange(
        eable.Where(item => item.ItemID <= TileData.MaxItemValue && !(item is BaseMulti))
          .OrderBy(item => item.Z)
          .Take(pool.Capacity));

      eable.Free();

      return pool;
    }

    private static void FreeFixItems(List<Item> pool)
    {
      if (pool == _EmptyFixItems)
        return;

      pool.Clear();

      lock (_FixPool)
      {
        if (_FixPool.Count < 128)
          _FixPool.Enqueue(pool);
      }
    }

    public void FixColumn(int x, int y)
    {
      LandTile landTile = Tiles.GetLandTile(x, y);
      StaticTile[] tiles = Tiles.GetStaticTiles(x, y, true);

      int landZ = 0, landAvg = 0, landTop = 0;
      GetAverageZ(x, y, ref landZ, ref landAvg, ref landTop);

      List<Item> items = AcquireFixItems(this, x, y);

      for (int i = 0; i < items.Count; i++)
      {
        Item toFix = items[i];

        if (!toFix.Movable)
          continue;

        int z = int.MinValue;
        int currentZ = toFix.Z;

        if (!landTile.Ignored && landAvg <= currentZ)
          z = landAvg;

        foreach (StaticTile tile in tiles)
        {
          ItemData id = TileData.ItemTable[tile.ID & TileData.MaxItemValue];

          int checkZ = tile.Z;
          int checkTop = checkZ + id.CalcHeight;

          if (checkTop == checkZ && !id.Surface)
            ++checkTop;

          if (checkTop > z && checkTop <= currentZ)
            z = checkTop;
        }

        for (int j = 0; j < items.Count; ++j)
        {
          if (j == i)
            continue;

          Item item = items[j];
          ItemData id = item.ItemData;

          int checkZ = item.Z;
          int checkTop = checkZ + id.CalcHeight;

          if (checkTop == checkZ && !id.Surface)
            ++checkTop;

          if (checkTop > z && checkTop <= currentZ)
            z = checkTop;
        }

        if (z != int.MinValue)
          toFix.Location = new Point3D(toFix.X, toFix.Y, z);
      }

      FreeFixItems(items);
    }

    /* This could probably be re-implemented if necessary (perhaps via an ITile interface?).
    public List<Tile> GetTilesAt( Point2D p, bool items, bool land, bool statics )
    {
      List<Tile> list = new List<Tile>();

      if ( this == Internal )
        return list;

      if ( land )
        list.Add( Tiles.GetLandTile( p.m_X, p.m_Y ) );

      if ( statics )
        list.AddRange( Tiles.GetStaticTiles( p.m_X, p.m_Y, true ) );

      if ( items )
      {
        Sector sector = GetSector( p );

        foreach ( Item item in sector.Items )
          if ( item.AtWorldPoint( p.m_X, p.m_Y ) )
            list.Add( new StaticTile( (ushort)item.ItemID, (sbyte) item.Z ) );
      }

      return list;
    }
    */

    /// <summary>
    ///   Gets the highest surface that is lower than <paramref name="p" />.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="p">The reference point.</param>
    /// <returns>A surface <typeparamref name="Tile" /> or <typeparamref name="Item" />.</returns>
    public object GetTopSurface(Point3D p)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return null;

      object surface = null;
      int surfaceZ = int.MinValue;


      LandTile lt = Tiles.GetLandTile(p.X, p.Y);

      if (!lt.Ignored)
      {
        int avgZ = GetAverageZ(p.X, p.Y);

        if (avgZ <= p.Z)
        {
          surface = lt;
          surfaceZ = avgZ;

          if (surfaceZ == p.Z)
            return surface;
        }
      }

      StaticTile[] staticTiles = Tiles.GetStaticTiles(p.X, p.Y, true);

      for (int i = 0; i < staticTiles.Length; i++)
      {
        StaticTile tile = staticTiles[i];
        ItemData id = TileData.ItemTable[tile.ID & TileData.MaxItemValue];

        if (id.Surface || (id.Flags & TileFlag.Wet) != 0)
        {
          int tileZ = tile.Z + id.CalcHeight;

          if (tileZ > surfaceZ && tileZ <= p.Z)
          {
            surface = tile;
            surfaceZ = tileZ;

            if (surfaceZ == p.Z)
              return surface;
          }
        }
      }

      Sector sector = GetSector(p.X, p.Y);

      for (int i = 0; i < sector.Items.Count; i++)
      {
        Item item = sector.Items[i];

        if (!(item is BaseMulti) && item.ItemID <= TileData.MaxItemValue && item.AtWorldPoint(p.X, p.Y) &&
            !item.Movable)
        {
          ItemData id = item.ItemData;

          if (id.Surface || (id.Flags & TileFlag.Wet) != 0)
          {
            int itemZ = item.Z + id.CalcHeight;

            if (itemZ > surfaceZ && itemZ <= p.Z)
            {
              surface = item;
              surfaceZ = itemZ;

              if (surfaceZ == p.Z)
                return surface;
            }
          }
        }
      }

      return surface;
    }

    public void Bound(int x, int y, out int newX, out int newY)
    {
      if (x < 0)
        newX = 0;
      else if (x >= Width)
        newX = Width - 1;
      else
        newX = x;

      if (y < 0)
        newY = 0;
      else if (y >= Height)
        newY = Height - 1;
      else
        newY = y;
    }

    public Point2D Bound(Point2D p)
    {
      int x = p.m_X, y = p.m_Y;

      if (x < 0)
        x = 0;
      else if (x >= Width)
        x = Width - 1;

      if (y < 0)
        y = 0;
      else if (y >= Height)
        y = Height - 1;

      return new Point2D(x, y);
    }

    public void ActivateSectors(int cx, int cy)
    {
      for (int x = cx - SectorActiveRange; x <= cx + SectorActiveRange; ++x)
      for (int y = cy - SectorActiveRange; y <= cy + SectorActiveRange; ++y)
      {
        Sector sect = GetRealSector(x, y);
        if (sect != InvalidSector)
          sect.Activate();
      }
    }

    public void DeactivateSectors(int cx, int cy)
    {
      for (int x = cx - SectorActiveRange; x <= cx + SectorActiveRange; ++x)
      for (int y = cy - SectorActiveRange; y <= cy + SectorActiveRange; ++y)
      {
        Sector sect = GetRealSector(x, y);
        if (sect != InvalidSector && !PlayersInRange(sect, SectorActiveRange))
          sect.Deactivate();
      }
    }

    private bool PlayersInRange(Sector sect, int range)
    {
      for (int x = sect.X - range; x <= sect.X + range; ++x)
      for (int y = sect.Y - range; y <= sect.Y + range; ++y)
      {
        Sector check = GetRealSector(x, y);
        if (check != InvalidSector && check.Players.Count > 0)
          return true;
      }

      return false;
    }

    public void OnClientChange(NetState oldState, NetState newState, Mobile m)
    {
      if (this != Internal)
        GetSector(m).OnClientChange(oldState, newState);
    }

    public void OnEnter(Mobile m)
    {
      if (this != Internal)
        GetSector(m).OnEnter(m);
    }

    public void OnEnter(Item item)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return;

      GetSector(item).OnEnter(item);

      if (item is BaseMulti m)
      {
        MultiComponentList mcl = m.Components;

        Sector start = GetMultiMinSector(m.Location, mcl);
        Sector end = GetMultiMaxSector(m.Location, mcl);

        AddMulti(m, start, end);
      }
    }

    public void OnLeave(Mobile m)
    {
      if (this != Internal)
        GetSector(m).OnLeave(m);
    }

    public void OnLeave(Item item)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return;

      GetSector(item).OnLeave(item);

      if (item is BaseMulti m)
      {
        MultiComponentList mcl = m.Components;

        Sector start = GetMultiMinSector(m.Location, mcl);
        Sector end = GetMultiMaxSector(m.Location, mcl);

        RemoveMulti(m, start, end);
      }
    }

    public void RemoveMulti(BaseMulti m, Sector start, Sector end)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return;

      for (int x = start.X; x <= end.X; ++x)
      for (int y = start.Y; y <= end.Y; ++y)
        InternalGetSector(x, y).OnMultiLeave(m);
    }

    public void AddMulti(BaseMulti m, Sector start, Sector end)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return;

      for (int x = start.X; x <= end.X; ++x)
      for (int y = start.Y; y <= end.Y; ++y)
        InternalGetSector(x, y).OnMultiEnter(m);
    }

    public Sector GetMultiMinSector(Point3D loc, MultiComponentList mcl)
    {
      return GetSector(Bound(new Point2D(loc.m_X + mcl.Min.m_X, loc.m_Y + mcl.Min.m_Y)));
    }

    public Sector GetMultiMaxSector(Point3D loc, MultiComponentList mcl)
    {
      return GetSector(Bound(new Point2D(loc.m_X + mcl.Max.m_X, loc.m_Y + mcl.Max.m_Y)));
    }

    public void OnMove(Point3D oldLocation, Mobile m)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return;

      Sector oldSector = GetSector(oldLocation);
      Sector newSector = GetSector(m.Location);

      if (oldSector != newSector)
      {
        oldSector.OnLeave(m);
        newSector.OnEnter(m);
      }
    }

    public void OnMove(Point3D oldLocation, Item item)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return;

      Sector oldSector = GetSector(oldLocation);
      Sector newSector = GetSector(item.Location);

      if (oldSector != newSector)
      {
        oldSector.OnLeave(item);
        newSector.OnEnter(item);
      }

      if (item is BaseMulti m)
      {
        MultiComponentList mcl = m.Components;

        Sector start = GetMultiMinSector(m.Location, mcl);
        Sector end = GetMultiMaxSector(m.Location, mcl);

        Sector oldStart = GetMultiMinSector(oldLocation, mcl);
        Sector oldEnd = GetMultiMaxSector(oldLocation, mcl);

        if (oldStart != start || oldEnd != end)
        {
          RemoveMulti(m, oldStart, oldEnd);
          AddMulti(m, start, end);
        }
      }
    }

    public void RegisterRegion(Region reg)
    {
      string regName = reg.Name;

      if (regName == null)
        return;

      if (Regions.ContainsKey(regName))
        Console.WriteLine("Warning: Duplicate region name '{0}' for map '{1}'", regName, Name);
      else
        Regions[regName] = reg;
    }

    public void UnregisterRegion(Region reg)
    {
      string regName = reg.Name;

      if (regName != null)
        Regions.Remove(regName);
    }

    public Point3D GetPoint(object o, bool eye)
    {
      Point3D p;

      if (o is Mobile mobile)
      {
        p = mobile.Location;
        p.Z += 14; //eye ? 15 : 10;
      }
      else if (o is Item item)
      {
        p = item.GetWorldLocation();
        p.Z += item.ItemData.Height / 2 + 1;
      }
      else if (o is Point3D point3D)
      {
        p = point3D;
      }
      else if (o is LandTarget target)
      {
        p = target.Location;

        int low = 0, avg = 0, top = 0;
        GetAverageZ(p.X, p.Y, ref low, ref avg, ref top);

        p.Z = top + 1;
      }
      else if (o is StaticTarget st)
      {
        ItemData id = TileData.ItemTable[st.ItemID & TileData.MaxItemValue];

        p = new Point3D(st.X, st.Y, st.Z - id.CalcHeight + id.Height / 2 + 1);
      }
      else if (o is IPoint3D d)
      {
        p = new Point3D(d);
      }
      else
      {
        Console.WriteLine("Warning: Invalid object ({0}) in line of sight", o);
        p = Point3D.Zero;
      }

      return p;
    }

    public class NullEnumerable<T> : IPooledEnumerable<T>
    {
      public static readonly NullEnumerable<T> Instance = new NullEnumerable<T>();

      private readonly IEnumerable<T> _Empty;

      private NullEnumerable()
      {
        _Empty = Enumerable.Empty<T>();
      }

      IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
      {
        return _Empty.GetEnumerator();
      }

      public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
      {
        return _Empty.GetEnumerator();
      }

      public void Free()
      {
      }
    }

    public sealed class PooledEnumerable<T> : IPooledEnumerable<T>, IDisposable
    {
      private static readonly Queue<PooledEnumerable<T>> _Buffer = new Queue<PooledEnumerable<T>>(0x400);

      private bool _IsDisposed;

      private List<T> _Pool = new List<T>(0x40);

      public PooledEnumerable(IEnumerable<T> pool)
      {
        _Pool.AddRange(pool);
      }

      public void Dispose()
      {
        _IsDisposed = true;

        _Pool.Clear();
        _Pool.TrimExcess();
        _Pool = null;
      }

      IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()
      {
        return _Pool.GetEnumerator();
      }

      public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator()
      {
        return _Pool.GetEnumerator();
      }

      public void Free()
      {
        if (_IsDisposed)
          return;

        _Pool.Clear();
        _Pool.Capacity = Math.Max(_Pool.Capacity, 0x100);

        lock (((ICollection)_Buffer).SyncRoot)
        {
          _Buffer.Enqueue(this);
        }
      }

      public static PooledEnumerable<T> Instantiate(Map map, Rectangle2D bounds, PooledEnumeration.Selector<T> selector)
      {
        PooledEnumerable<T> e = null;

        lock (((ICollection)_Buffer).SyncRoot)
        {
          if (_Buffer.Count > 0)
            e = _Buffer.Dequeue();
        }

        IEnumerable<T> pool = PooledEnumeration.EnumerateSectors(map, bounds).SelectMany(s => selector(s, bounds));

        if (e == null)
          return new PooledEnumerable<T>(pool);

        e._Pool.AddRange(pool);
        return e;

      }
    }

    #region Get*InRange/Bounds

    public IPooledEnumerable<IEntity> GetObjectsInRange(Point3D p)
    {
      return GetObjectsInRange(p, Core.GlobalMaxUpdateRange);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<IEntity> GetObjectsInRange(Point3D p, int range, bool items = true, bool mobiles = true)
    {
      return GetObjectsInBounds(new Rectangle2D(p.m_X - range, p.m_Y - range, range * 2 + 1, range * 2 + 1), items,
        mobiles);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<IEntity> GetObjectsInBounds(Rectangle2D bounds, bool items = true, bool mobiles = true)
    {
      return PooledEnumeration.GetEntities(this, bounds, items, mobiles);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<NetState> GetClientsInRange(Point3D p)
    {
      return GetClientsInRange(p, Core.GlobalMaxUpdateRange);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<NetState> GetClientsInRange(Point3D p, int range)
    {
      return GetClientsInBounds(new Rectangle2D(p.m_X - range, p.m_Y - range, range * 2 + 1, range * 2 + 1));
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<NetState> GetClientsInBounds(Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return PooledEnumeration.GetClients(this, bounds);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<Item> GetItemsInRange(Point3D p)
    {
      return GetItemsInRange(p, Core.GlobalMaxUpdateRange);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<Item> GetItemsInRange(Point3D p, int range)
    {
      return GetItemsInRange<Item>(p, range);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<T> GetItemsInRange<T>(Point3D p, int range) where T : Item
    {
      return GetItemsInBounds<T>(new Rectangle2D(p.m_X - range, p.m_Y - range, range * 2 + 1, range * 2 + 1));
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<Item> GetItemsInBounds(Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return GetItemsInBounds<Item>(bounds);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<T> GetItemsInBounds<T>(Rectangle2D bounds) where T : Item
    {
      return PooledEnumeration.GetItems<T>(this, bounds);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<Mobile> GetMobilesInRange(Point3D p)
    {
      return GetMobilesInRange(p, Core.GlobalMaxUpdateRange);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<Mobile> GetMobilesInRange(Point3D p, int range)
    {
      return GetMobilesInRange<Mobile>(p, range);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<T> GetMobilesInRange<T>(Point3D p, int range) where T : Mobile
    {
      return GetMobilesInBounds<T>(new Rectangle2D(p.m_X - range, p.m_Y - range, range * 2 + 1, range * 2 + 1));
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<Mobile> GetMobilesInBounds(Rectangle2D bounds)
    {
      return GetMobilesInBounds<Mobile>(bounds);
    }

    public IPooledEnumerable<T> GetMobilesInBounds<T>(Rectangle2D bounds) where T : Mobile
    {
      return PooledEnumeration.GetMobiles<T>(this, bounds);
    }

    #endregion

    #region CanFit

    public bool CanFit(Point3D p, int height, bool checkBlocksFit = false, bool checkMobiles = true,
      bool requireSurface = true)
    {
      return CanFit(p.m_X, p.m_Y, p.m_Z, height, checkBlocksFit, checkMobiles, requireSurface);
    }

    public bool CanFit(Point2D p, int z, int height, bool checkBlocksFit = false, bool checkMobiles = true,
      bool requireSurface = true)
    {
      return CanFit(p.m_X, p.m_Y, z, height, checkBlocksFit, checkMobiles, requireSurface);
    }

    public bool CanFit(int x, int y, int z, int height, bool checkBlocksFit = false, bool checkMobiles = true,
      bool requireSurface = true)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return false;

      if (x < 0 || y < 0 || x >= Width || y >= Height)
        return false;

      bool hasSurface = false;

      LandTile lt = Tiles.GetLandTile(x, y);
      int lowZ = 0, avgZ = 0, topZ = 0;

      GetAverageZ(x, y, ref lowZ, ref avgZ, ref topZ);
      TileFlag landFlags = TileData.LandTable[lt.ID & TileData.MaxLandValue].Flags;

      if ((landFlags & TileFlag.Impassable) != 0 && avgZ > z && z + height > lowZ)
        return false;

      if ((landFlags & TileFlag.Impassable) == 0 && z == avgZ && !lt.Ignored)
        hasSurface = true;

      StaticTile[] staticTiles = Tiles.GetStaticTiles(x, y, true);

      bool surface, impassable;

      for (int i = 0; i < staticTiles.Length; ++i)
      {
        ItemData id = TileData.ItemTable[staticTiles[i].ID & TileData.MaxItemValue];
        surface = id.Surface;
        impassable = id.Impassable;

        if ((surface || impassable) && staticTiles[i].Z + id.CalcHeight > z && z + height > staticTiles[i].Z)
          return false;

        if (surface && !impassable && z == staticTiles[i].Z + id.CalcHeight)
          hasSurface = true;
      }

      Sector sector = GetSector(x, y);
      List<Item> items = sector.Items;
      List<Mobile> mobs = sector.Mobiles;

      for (int i = 0; i < items.Count; ++i)
      {
        Item item = items[i];

        if (!(item is BaseMulti) && item.ItemID <= TileData.MaxItemValue && item.AtWorldPoint(x, y))
        {
          ItemData id = item.ItemData;
          surface = id.Surface;
          impassable = id.Impassable;

          if ((surface || impassable || checkBlocksFit && item.BlocksFit) && item.Z + id.CalcHeight > z &&
              z + height > item.Z)
            return false;

          if (surface && !impassable && !item.Movable && z == item.Z + id.CalcHeight)
            hasSurface = true;
        }
      }

      if (checkMobiles)
        for (int i = 0; i < mobs.Count; ++i)
        {
          Mobile m = mobs[i];

          if (m.Location.m_X == x && m.Location.m_Y == y && (m.AccessLevel == AccessLevel.Player || !m.Hidden) &&
              m.Z + 16 > z && z + height > m.Z)
            return false;
        }

      return !requireSurface || hasSurface;
    }

    #endregion

    #region CanSpawnMobile

    public bool CanSpawnMobile(Point3D p)
    {
      return CanSpawnMobile(p.m_X, p.m_Y, p.m_Z);
    }

    public bool CanSpawnMobile(Point2D p, int z)
    {
      return CanSpawnMobile(p.m_X, p.m_Y, z);
    }

    public bool CanSpawnMobile(int x, int y, int z)
    {
      if (!Region.Find(new Point3D(x, y, z), this).AllowSpawn())
        return false;

      return CanFit(x, y, z, 16);
    }

    #endregion

    #region GetSector

    public Sector GetSector(Point3D p)
    {
      return InternalGetSector(p.m_X >> SectorShift, p.m_Y >> SectorShift);
    }

    public Sector GetSector(Point2D p)
    {
      return InternalGetSector(p.m_X >> SectorShift, p.m_Y >> SectorShift);
    }

    public Sector GetSector(IPoint2D p)
    {
      return InternalGetSector(p.X >> SectorShift, p.Y >> SectorShift);
    }

    public Sector GetSector(int x, int y)
    {
      return InternalGetSector(x >> SectorShift, y >> SectorShift);
    }

    public Sector GetRealSector(int x, int y)
    {
      return InternalGetSector(x, y);
    }

    private Sector InternalGetSector(int x, int y)
    {
      if (x >= 0 && x < m_SectorsWidth && y >= 0 && y < m_SectorsHeight)
      {
        Sector[] xSectors = m_Sectors[x];

        if (xSectors == null)
          m_Sectors[x] = xSectors = new Sector[m_SectorsHeight];

        Sector sec = xSectors[y];

        if (sec == null)
          xSectors[y] = sec = new Sector(x, y, this);

        return sec;
      }

      return InvalidSector;
    }

    #endregion

    #region Line Of Sight

    public static int MaxLOSDistance{ get; set; } = 25;

    public bool LineOfSight(Point3D org, Point3D dest)
    {
      if (this == Internal)
        return false;

      if (!Utility.InRange(org, dest, MaxLOSDistance))
        return false;

      Point3D end = dest;

      if (org.X > dest.X || org.X == dest.X && org.Y > dest.Y || org.X == dest.X && org.Y == dest.Y && org.Z > dest.Z)
      {
        Point3D swap = org;
        org = dest;
        dest = swap;
      }

      int height;
      Point3D p;
      Point3DList path = new Point3DList();
      TileFlag flags;

      if (org == dest)
        return true;

      if (path.Count > 0)
        path.Clear();

      int xd = dest.m_X - org.m_X;
      int yd = dest.m_Y - org.m_Y;
      int zd = dest.m_Z - org.m_Z;
      double zslp = Math.Sqrt(xd * xd + yd * yd);
      double sq3d = zd != 0 ? Math.Sqrt(zslp * zslp + zd * zd) : zslp;

      double rise = yd / sq3d;
      double run = xd / sq3d;
      zslp = zd / sq3d;

      double y = org.m_Y;
      double z = org.m_Z;
      double x = org.m_X;
      while (Utility.NumberBetween(x, dest.m_X, org.m_X, 0.5) && Utility.NumberBetween(y, dest.m_Y, org.m_Y, 0.5) &&
             Utility.NumberBetween(z, dest.m_Z, org.m_Z, 0.5))
      {
        int ix = (int)Math.Round(x);
        int iy = (int)Math.Round(y);
        int iz = (int)Math.Round(z);
        if (path.Count > 0)
        {
          p = path.Last;

          if (p.m_X != ix || p.m_Y != iy || p.m_Z != iz)
            path.Add(ix, iy, iz);
        }
        else
        {
          path.Add(ix, iy, iz);
        }

        x += run;
        y += rise;
        z += zslp;
      }

      if (path.Count == 0)
        return true; //<--should never happen, but to be safe.

      p = path.Last;

      if (p != dest)
        path.Add(dest);

      Point3D pTop = org, pBottom = dest;
      Utility.FixPoints(ref pTop, ref pBottom);

      int pathCount = path.Count;
      int endTop = end.m_Z + 1;

      for (int i = 0; i < pathCount; ++i)
      {
        Point3D point = path[i];
        int pointTop = point.m_Z + 1;

        LandTile landTile = Tiles.GetLandTile(point.X, point.Y);
        int landZ = 0, landAvg = 0, landTop = 0;
        GetAverageZ(point.m_X, point.m_Y, ref landZ, ref landAvg, ref landTop);

        if (landZ <= pointTop && landTop >= point.m_Z &&
            (point.m_X != end.m_X || point.m_Y != end.m_Y || landZ > endTop || landTop < end.m_Z) &&
            !landTile.Ignored)
          return false;

        /* --Do land tiles need to be checked?  There is never land between two people, always statics.--
        LandTile landTile = Tiles.GetLandTile( point.X, point.Y );
        if ( landTile.Z-1 >= point.Z && landTile.Z+1 <= point.Z && (TileData.LandTable[landTile.ID & TileData.MaxLandValue].Flags & TileFlag.Impassable) != 0 )
          return false;
        */

        StaticTile[] statics = Tiles.GetStaticTiles(point.m_X, point.m_Y, true);

        bool contains = false;
        int ltID = landTile.ID;

        for (int j = 0; !contains && j < InvalidLandTiles.Length; ++j)
          contains = ltID == InvalidLandTiles[j];

        if (contains && statics.Length == 0)
        {
          IPooledEnumerable<Item> eable = GetItemsInRange(point, 0);

          contains = !eable.Any(item => item.Visible);

          eable.Free();

          if (contains)
            return false;
        }

        for (int j = 0; j < statics.Length; ++j)
        {
          StaticTile t = statics[j];

          ItemData id = TileData.ItemTable[t.ID & TileData.MaxItemValue];

          flags = id.Flags;
          height = id.CalcHeight;

          if (t.Z <= pointTop && t.Z + height >= point.Z && (flags & (TileFlag.Window | TileFlag.NoShoot)) != 0)
          {
            if (point.m_X == end.m_X && point.m_Y == end.m_Y && t.Z <= endTop && t.Z + height >= end.m_Z)
              continue;

            return false;
          }

          /*if ( t.Z <= point.Z && t.Z+height >= point.Z && (flags&TileFlag.Window)==0 && (flags&TileFlag.NoShoot)!=0
            && ( (flags&TileFlag.Wall)!=0 || (flags&TileFlag.Roof)!=0 || (((flags&TileFlag.Surface)!=0 && zd != 0)) ) )*/
          /*{
            //Console.WriteLine( "LoS: Blocked by Static \"{0}\" Z:{1} T:{3} P:{2} F:x{4:X}", TileData.ItemTable[t.ID&TileData.MaxItemValue].Name, t.Z, point, t.Z+height, flags );
            //Console.WriteLine( "if ( {0} && {1} && {2} && ( {3} || {4} || {5} || ({6} && {7} && {8}) ) )", t.Z <= point.Z, t.Z+height >= point.Z, (flags&TileFlag.Window)==0, (flags&TileFlag.Impassable)!=0, (flags&TileFlag.Wall)!=0, (flags&TileFlag.Roof)!=0, (flags&TileFlag.Surface)!=0, t.Z != dest.Z, zd != 0 ) ;
            return false;
          }*/
        }
      }

      Rectangle2D rect = new Rectangle2D(pTop.m_X, pTop.m_Y, pBottom.m_X - pTop.m_X + 1, pBottom.m_Y - pTop.m_Y + 1);

      IPooledEnumerable<Item> area = GetItemsInBounds(rect);

      foreach (Item i in area)
      {
        if (!i.Visible)
          continue;

        if (i is BaseMulti || i.ItemID > TileData.MaxItemValue)
          continue;

        ItemData id = i.ItemData;
        flags = id.Flags;

        if ((flags & (TileFlag.Window | TileFlag.NoShoot)) == 0)
          continue;

        height = id.CalcHeight;

        bool found = false;

        int count = path.Count;

        for (int j = 0; j < count; ++j)
        {
          Point3D point = path[j];
          int pointTop = point.m_Z + 1;
          Point3D loc = i.Location;

          //if ( t.Z <= point.Z && t.Z+height >= point.Z && ( height != 0 || ( t.Z == dest.Z && zd != 0 ) ) )
          if (loc.m_X == point.m_X && loc.m_Y == point.m_Y && loc.m_Z <= pointTop && loc.m_Z + height >= point.m_Z)
            if (loc.m_X != end.m_X || loc.m_Y != end.m_Y || loc.m_Z > endTop || loc.m_Z + height < end.m_Z)
            {
              found = true;
              break;
            }
        }

        if (!found)
          continue;

        area.Free();
        return false;

        /*if ( (flags & (TileFlag.Impassable | TileFlag.Surface | TileFlag.Roof)) != 0 )

        //flags = TileData.ItemTable[i.ItemID&TileData.MaxItemValue].Flags;
        //if ( (flags&TileFlag.Window)==0 && (flags&TileFlag.NoShoot)!=0 && ( (flags&TileFlag.Wall)!=0 || (flags&TileFlag.Roof)!=0 || (((flags&TileFlag.Surface)!=0 && zd != 0)) ) )
        {
          //height = TileData.ItemTable[i.ItemID&TileData.MaxItemValue].Height;
          //Console.WriteLine( "LoS: Blocked by ITEM \"{0}\" P:{1} T:{2} F:x{3:X}", TileData.ItemTable[i.ItemID&TileData.MaxItemValue].Name, i.Location, i.Location.Z+height, flags );
          area.Free();
          return false;
        }*/
      }

      area.Free();
      return true;
    }

    public bool LineOfSight(object from, object dest)
    {
      return from == dest || (from as Mobile)?.AccessLevel > AccessLevel.Player ||
             (dest as Item)?.RootParent == from || LineOfSight(GetPoint(from, true), GetPoint(dest, false));
    }

    public bool LineOfSight(Mobile from, Point3D target)
    {
      if (from.AccessLevel > AccessLevel.Player)
        return true;

      Point3D eye = from.Location;

      eye.Z += 14;

      return LineOfSight(eye, target);
    }

    public bool LineOfSight(Mobile from, Mobile to)
    {
      if (from == to || from.AccessLevel > AccessLevel.Player)
        return true;

      Point3D eye = from.Location;
      Point3D target = to.Location;

      eye.Z += 14;
      target.Z += 14; //10;

      return LineOfSight(eye, target);
    }

    #endregion

    public Point3D GetRandomNearbyLocation(Point3D loc, int maxRange = 2, int minRange = 0, int retryCount = 10, int height = 16, bool checkBlocksFit = false,
      bool checkMobiles = false)
    {
      int j = 0;
      int range = maxRange - minRange;
      bool[,] locs = range <= 10 ? new bool[range + 1, range + 1] : null;

      do
      {
        int xRand = Utility.Random(range);
        int yRand = Utility.Random(range);

        if (locs?[xRand, yRand] != true)
        {
          int x = loc.X + xRand + minRange;
          int y = loc.Y + yRand + minRange;

          if (CanFit(x, y, loc.Z, height, checkBlocksFit, checkMobiles))
          {
            loc = new Point3D(x, y, loc.Z);
            break;
          }

          int z = GetAverageZ(x, y);

          if (CanFit(x, y, z, height, checkBlocksFit, checkMobiles))
          {
            loc = new Point3D(x, y, z);
            break;
          }

          if (locs != null)
            locs[xRand, yRand] = true;
        }

        j++;
      }
      while (j < retryCount);

      return loc;
    }
  }
}