ModernUO/Projects/Server/Network/NetState/NetState.Network.cs

/*************************************************************************
 * ModernUO                                                              *
 * Copyright 2019-2026 - ModernUO Development Team                       *
 * Email: hi@modernuo.com                                                *
 * File: NetState.Network.cs                                             *
 *                                                                       *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or     *
 * (at your option) any later version.                                   *
 *                                                                       *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License     *
 * along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  *
 *************************************************************************/

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Network;
using System.Numerics;

namespace Server.Network;

/// <summary>
/// Network infrastructure for IORingGroup-based socket I/O.
/// </summary>
public partial class NetState
{
    // Buffer sizes
    internal const int RecvBufferSize = 1024 * 64;    // 64KB recv buffers
    private const int DefaultSendBufferSize = 1024 * 256;  // 256KB send buffers
    private const int MinSendBufferSize = 1024 * 64;       // Platform allocation granularity
    private const int DefaultMaxSendBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 * 2;          // 2 MB
    private const long DefaultSendBufferGrowthBudget = 1024L * 1024 * 256; // 256 MB
    private const int DefaultMemoryCeilingPercent = 80;
    private const int DefaultInitialBufferSlabs = 1;   // one slab of each base pool warm at boot
    internal const int DefaultMaxBufferSlabs = 128;    // 32 connections per slab at MaxConnections

    // Transport ceiling; larger values overflow its tier enumeration
    private const int TransportMaxSendBufferSize = 1024 * 1024 * 256; // 256 MB
    private const int MaxConnections = 4096;         // Max concurrent connections

    internal static int SendBufferSize { get; private set; }
    internal static int MaxSendBufferSize { get; private set; }

    // Pre-auth buffers are the smallest the platform can map; a platform whose floor is not below
    // the base size (the Windows legacy mapping path) starts sockets on base
    internal static int InitialRecvBufferSize { get; private set; }
    internal static int InitialSendBufferSize { get; private set; }
    private static long _sendBufferGrowthBudget;
    private static int _memoryCeilingPercent;

    // Refreshed by the maintenance sweep; internal for tests
    internal static long _availableMemoryBytes;

    private static Timer.DelayCallTimer _maintenanceTimer;
    private static long _lastTierCapacityBytes;
    private static int _lastTierInUse;
    private static int _lastTierRetainFloor;
    private static long _lastBaseCapacityBytes;

    private static readonly Queue<NetState> _disposed = [];
    private static readonly TimeSpan ConnectingSocketIdleLimit = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(5000); // 5 seconds

    // Socket manager handles buffer pools, socket lifecycle, and I/O operations
    private static RingSocketManager _socketManager;

    // NetState storage indexed by RingSocket.Id
    private static readonly NetState[] _netStates = new NetState[MaxConnections];

    // Events buffer for ProcessCompletions. Bounded by one event per peeked completion
    // (maxSockets), doubled for headroom. Undersizing drops DataReceived events whose bytes were
    // already committed, leaving them unparsed until the next recv completes.
    private static readonly RingSocketEvent[] _events = new RingSocketEvent[MaxConnections * 2];

    // Listener management
    private static nint[] _listeners = Array.Empty<nint>();
    private static int _pendingAcceptCount;
    private const int PendingAcceptsPerListener = 32;

    private const long AliveCheckIntervalMs = 5000;
    private static long _nextAliveCheck;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the IORingGroup instance for socket operations.
    /// </summary>
    public static IIORingGroup Ring => _socketManager?.Ring;

    // Test hook
    internal static RingSocketManager SocketManager => _socketManager;

    /// <summary>
    /// Waits for network I/O completions or until the specified timeout expires.
    /// Used by the game loop to sleep efficiently while remaining responsive to network events.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="timeoutMs">Maximum time to wait in milliseconds.</param>
    public static void WaitForCompletion(int timeoutMs)
    {
        _socketManager?.WaitForCompletion(timeoutMs);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Wakes the game loop if it is blocked in <see cref="WaitForCompletion"/>. Safe from any
    /// thread; a no-op before networking is configured or after teardown. The signal is sticky,
    /// so a wake racing the loop's decision to sleep is not lost.
    /// </summary>
    public static void Wake()
    {
        _socketManager?.Ring?.Wake();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// True when no queued network work remains for the loop to drain. <see cref="Slice"/> defers
    /// work in several places, so an empty completion queue alone is not enough.
    /// </summary>
    internal static bool IsIdle =>
        _throttled.Count == 0 && _throttledPending.Count == 0 &&
        _flushPending.Count == 0 && _pendingDisconnects.Count == 0 && _disposed.Count == 0;

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the listening addresses that the server is bound to.
    /// </summary>
    public static IPEndPoint[] ListeningAddresses { get; private set; }

    private static IPRateLimiter _ipRateLimiter;

    /// <summary>
    /// Configures the IORingGroup and socket manager.
    /// </summary>
    private static void ConfigureNetwork()
    {
        // Skip if already configured
        if (_socketManager != null)
        {
            return;
        }

        // Seed from a real tick; a zero default suppresses the sweep when ticks start negative
        _nextAliveCheck = Core.TickCount;

        // Initialize IP rate limiter
        _ipRateLimiter = new IPRateLimiter(10, 10000, 1000, 2.0, 3_600_000, Core.ClosingTokenSource.Token);

        // Sends in flight per connection; honoured by RIO only (see IIORingGroup). Costs a
        // request-queue and completion-queue slot per send, not another buffer. Worst-case added
        // latency is roughly completion RTT / this value.
        var maxOutstandingSends = ServerConfiguration.GetOrUpdateSetting("network.maxOutstandingSends", 32);

        // Per-connection send buffer: the lever for "send buffer exhausted" disconnects, and the
        // per-connection memory ceiling.
        SendBufferSize = GetSendBufferSize();
        MaxSendBufferSize = GetPowerOfTwoSetting("network.sendBufferMaxSize", DefaultMaxSendBufferSize, SendBufferSize);
        _sendBufferGrowthBudget = CoerceSendBufferGrowthBudget(
            ServerConfiguration.GetOrUpdateSetting("network.sendBufferGrowthBudget", DefaultSendBufferGrowthBudget),
            SendBufferSize,
            MaxSendBufferSize
        );
        // 0 disables the ceiling
        _memoryCeilingPercent = Math.Clamp(ServerConfiguration.GetOrUpdateSetting("network.memoryCeilingPercent", DefaultMemoryCeilingPercent), 0, 100);
        _availableMemoryBytes = GC.GetGCMemoryInfo().TotalAvailableMemoryBytes;

        // Divides MaxConnections into base-pool slabs; both pools still reach MaxConnections, so
        // this sets slab granularity, not a connection or memory ceiling.
        var maxBufferSlabs = CoerceMaxBufferSlabs(
            ServerConfiguration.GetOrUpdateSetting("network.maxBufferSlabs", DefaultMaxBufferSlabs)
        );

        // Slabs of each base pool held from boot; the pools grow and trim from here
        var initialBufferSlabs = CoerceInitialBufferSlabs(
            ServerConfiguration.GetOrUpdateSetting("network.initialBufferSlabs", DefaultInitialBufferSlabs),
            BasePoolSlabCount(maxBufferSlabs)
        );

        // Until the game server verifies credentials a connection holds the smallest buffers the
        // platform can map; a flood can fill these pools but never reaches the base pools. This is a
        // request: the manager raises it to the platform floor and turns the pool off if that leaves
        // no room below the base size (the Windows legacy mapping path floors at 64 KiB, which can
        // equal RecvBufferSize). The effective sizes are read back below once the manager knows them.
        var initialBufferSize = IORingBuffer.MinimumSize;

        // Both calls take the same slab count; the manager throws if the table is smaller. Sized by
        // the request, not the effective size the manager may coerce down to - conservative, never small.
        var ring = IORingGroup.Create(
            queueSize: MaxConnections * 2,
            maxConnections: MaxConnections,
            maxOutstandingSends: maxOutstandingSends,
            maxRegisteredBuffers: RingSocketManager.RequiredRegisteredBuffers(
                MaxConnections, SendBufferSize, MaxSendBufferSize, _sendBufferGrowthBudget, maxBufferSlabs,
                initialBufferSize, initialBufferSize
            )
        );

        // Create socket manager which handles buffer pools and socket lifecycle
        _socketManager = new RingSocketManager(
            ring,
            maxSockets: MaxConnections,
            recvBufferSize: RecvBufferSize,
            sendBufferSize: SendBufferSize,
            initialBufferSlabs: initialBufferSlabs,
            maxBufferSlabs: maxBufferSlabs,
            maxSendBufferSize: MaxSendBufferSize,
            sendBufferGrowthBudget: _sendBufferGrowthBudget,
            initialRecvBufferSize: initialBufferSize,
            initialSendBufferSize: initialBufferSize
        );

        InitialRecvBufferSize = _socketManager.InitialRecvBufferSize;
        InitialSendBufferSize = _socketManager.InitialSendBufferSize;

        if (InitialRecvBufferSize == 0 || InitialSendBufferSize == 0)
        {
            logger.Information(
                "Pre-auth buffers off where the platform floor ({Minimum} bytes) leaves no room below the base size (recv {Recv}, send {Send})",
                IORingBuffer.MinimumSize,
                RecvBufferSize,
                SendBufferSize
            );
        }

        _maintenanceTimer = Timer.DelayCall(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1), TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1), MaintainSendBuffers);
    }

    internal static void MaintainSendBuffers()
    {
        if (_socketManager == null)
        {
            return;
        }

        // Container limits can change
        _availableMemoryBytes = GC.GetGCMemoryInfo().TotalAvailableMemoryBytes;

        var ceilingRefusals = _ceilingRefusals;
        var capRefusals = _capRefusals;
        _ceilingRefusals = 0;
        _capRefusals = 0;

        var stats = _socketManager.Maintain();
        var changed = stats.TierCapacityBytes != _lastTierCapacityBytes ||
                      stats.TierInUse != _lastTierInUse ||
                      stats.TierRetainFloor != _lastTierRetainFloor ||
                      stats.BaseCapacityBytes != _lastBaseCapacityBytes;
        _lastTierCapacityBytes = stats.TierCapacityBytes;
        _lastTierInUse = stats.TierInUse;
        _lastTierRetainFloor = stats.TierRetainFloor;
        _lastBaseCapacityBytes = stats.BaseCapacityBytes;

        // Quiet unless something moved
        if (changed || stats.BuffersReleased > 0 || stats.BaseBuffersReleased > 0 || stats.GrowthRefusals > 0 ||
            capRefusals > 0 || ceilingRefusals > 0)
        {
            logger.Debug(
                "Send buffer tiers: {Capacity} bytes of tier capacity, {InUse} buffers in use, floor {Floor} buffers, released {Released}, refused: budget {BudgetRefusals}, at max {CapRefusals}, ceiling {CeilingRefusals}, base {BaseCapacity} bytes, released {BaseReleased}",
                stats.TierCapacityBytes,
                stats.TierInUse,
                stats.TierRetainFloor,
                stats.BuffersReleased,
                stats.GrowthRefusals,
                capRefusals,
                ceilingRefusals,
                stats.BaseCapacityBytes,
                stats.BaseBuffersReleased
            );
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Slabs each base pool is divided into, after the transport applies its minimum slab size.
    /// </summary>
    internal static int BasePoolSlabCount(int maxBufferSlabs) =>
        RingSocketManager.BasePoolSlabCount(MaxConnections, maxBufferSlabs);

    /// <summary>
    /// Clamps the base-pool slab divisor. Fewer than one slab is meaningless, and more slabs than
    /// connections cannot make a slab any smaller.
    /// </summary>
    internal static int CoerceMaxBufferSlabs(int configured)
    {
        var slabs = Math.Clamp(configured, 1, MaxConnections);

        if (slabs != configured)
        {
            logger.Warning(
                "network.maxBufferSlabs {Configured} is outside 1..{Maximum}; using {Adjusted}",
                configured,
                MaxConnections,
                slabs
            );
        }

        return slabs;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Clamps the slabs of each base pool held from boot; a pool never holds more slabs than it has.
    /// </summary>
    internal static int CoerceInitialBufferSlabs(int configured, int slabCount)
    {
        var slabs = Math.Clamp(configured, 1, slabCount);

        if (slabs != configured)
        {
            logger.Warning(
                "network.initialBufferSlabs {Configured} is outside 1..{Maximum}; using {Adjusted}",
                configured,
                slabCount,
                slabs
            );
        }

        return slabs;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Reads the configured send buffer size, coerced to a power of two of at least the platform
    /// allocation granularity. IORingBuffer requires this and would otherwise throw at socket
    /// creation rather than at startup.
    /// </summary>
    private static int GetSendBufferSize() =>
        GetPowerOfTwoSetting("network.sendBufferSize", DefaultSendBufferSize, MinSendBufferSize);

    private static int GetPowerOfTwoSetting(string key, int defaultValue, int minimum) =>
        CoercePowerOfTwoSetting(key, ServerConfiguration.GetOrUpdateSetting(key, defaultValue), minimum);

    /// <summary>
    /// Clamps to a power of two between <paramref name="minimum"/> and the transport ceiling.
    /// </summary>
    internal static int CoercePowerOfTwoSetting(string key, int configured, int minimum)
    {
        var size = configured;

        if (size > TransportMaxSendBufferSize)
        {
            logger.Warning(
                "{Key} {Configured} is above the transport maximum {Maximum} (capped); using {Adjusted}",
                key,
                configured,
                TransportMaxSendBufferSize,
                TransportMaxSendBufferSize
            );

            size = TransportMaxSendBufferSize;
        }

        if (size < minimum)
        {
            logger.Warning(
                "{Key} {Configured} is below the minimum {Minimum} (raised); using {Adjusted}",
                key,
                configured,
                minimum,
                minimum
            );

            size = minimum;
        }

        if (!BitOperations.IsPow2(size))
        {
            // Rounding up cannot cross the ceiling, itself a power of two
            var rounded = (int)BitOperations.RoundUpToPowerOf2((uint)size);

            logger.Warning("{Key} {Configured} is not a power of two; using {Adjusted}", key, configured, rounded);
            size = rounded;
        }

        return size;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Negative disables growth; below one tier slab is raised to the minimum.
    /// </summary>
    internal static long CoerceSendBufferGrowthBudget(long configured, int sendBufferSize, int maxSendBufferSize)
    {
        if (configured < 0)
        {
            logger.Warning("network.sendBufferGrowthBudget {Configured} is negative; using 0 (growth disabled)", configured);
            return 0;
        }

        if (configured == 0 || maxSendBufferSize <= sendBufferSize)
        {
            return configured;
        }

        // Tier buffers are allocated a slab at a time.
        var minimumBudget = RingSocketManager.MinimumSendBufferGrowthBudget(sendBufferSize);
        if (configured < minimumBudget)
        {
            logger.Warning(
                "network.sendBufferGrowthBudget {Configured} is below one tier slab; using {Minimum}",
                configured,
                minimumBudget
            );

            return minimumBudget;
        }

        return configured;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Starts the network server on configured listening addresses.
    /// </summary>
    public static void Start()
    {
        HashSet<IPEndPoint> listeningAddresses = [];
        List<nint> listeners = [];

        var ring = _socketManager.Ring;
        for (var i = 0; i < ServerConfiguration.Listeners.Count; i++)
        {
            var ipep = ServerConfiguration.Listeners[i];
            var listener = ring.CreateListener(ipep.Address.ToString(), (ushort)ipep.Port, 256);
            if (listener == -1)
            {
                logger.Warning("Failed to create listener for {Address}", ipep);
                continue;
            }

            if (ipep.Address.Equals(IPAddress.Any) || ipep.Address.Equals(IPAddress.IPv6Any))
            {
                listeningAddresses.UnionWith(GetListeningAddresses(ipep));
            }
            else
            {
                listeningAddresses.Add(ipep);
            }

            listeners.Add(listener);
        }

        foreach (var ipep in listeningAddresses)
        {
            logger.Information("Listening: {Address}", ipep);
        }

        ListeningAddresses = listeningAddresses.ToArray();

        // Register listeners to start accepting connections
        RegisterListeners(listeners.ToArray());
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Shuts down the network server and closes all listeners.
    /// </summary>
    public static void Shutdown()
    {
        CloseListeners();
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the actual listening addresses for a wildcard endpoint.
    /// </summary>
    public static IEnumerable<IPEndPoint> GetListeningAddresses(IPEndPoint ipep) =>
        NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces().SelectMany(adapter =>
            adapter.GetIPProperties().UnicastAddresses
                .Where(uip => ipep.AddressFamily == uip.Address.AddressFamily)
                .Select(uip => new IPEndPoint(uip.Address, ipep.Port))
        );

    /// <summary>
    /// Registers listeners with the ring and starts accepting connections.
    /// </summary>
    private static void RegisterListeners(nint[] listeners)
    {
        _listeners = listeners;

        var ring = _socketManager.Ring;

        // Queue initial accept operations for each listener
        for (var i = 0; i < _listeners.Length; i++)
        {
            var listener = _listeners[i];
            for (var j = 0; j < PendingAcceptsPerListener; j++)
            {
                ring.PrepareAccept(listener, 0, 0, IORingUserData.EncodeAccept());
                _pendingAcceptCount++;
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Closes all listeners.
    /// </summary>
    private static void CloseListeners()
    {
        var ring = _socketManager?.Ring;
        if (ring == null)
        {
            return;
        }

        foreach (var listener in _listeners)
        {
            ring.CloseListener(listener);
        }

        _listeners = [];
    }

    private static void HandleAcceptCompletion(int result)
    {
        _pendingAcceptCount--;

        var ring = _socketManager.Ring;

        // EAGAIN (-11) means no connection pending - just re-queue
        if (result == -11)
        {
            goto ReplenishAccepts;
        }

        if (result >= 0)
        {
            var clientSocket = (nint)result;
            var remoteIP = SocketHelper.GetRemoteAddress(clientSocket);

            if (remoteIP != null)
            {
                if (_ipRateLimiter != null && !_ipRateLimiter.Verify(remoteIP, out var totalAttempts))
                {
                    logger.Debug("{Address} Past IP limit threshold ({TotalAttempts})", remoteIP, totalAttempts);

                    if (Bans.BanConfiguration.Settings.ReportRateLimitTrips)
                    {
                        // Enqueue-only contribution; NOT added to the local firewall set (the limiter already
                        // gates it here and the OS bouncer drops it at the kernel).
                        Bans.BanChannel.Report(remoteIP, Bans.BanConfiguration.Settings.AutoBanDuration, Bans.BanReasons.RateLimit);
                    }
                }
                else if (ConnectionFilters.ShouldDeny(remoteIP, out var deniedBy))
                {
                    // Whatever a hit implies (persisting, promoting to an OS bouncer, contributing to the
                    // ban channel) is the filter's own business; the accept path just drops the socket.
                    logger.Debug("{Address} denied by connection filter '{Filter}'", remoteIP, deniedBy);
                }
                else
                {
                    // Allow event handlers to reject the connection
                    var args = new SocketConnectEventArgs(remoteIP);
                    EventSink.InvokeSocketConnect(args);

                    if (args.AllowConnection)
                    {
                        ring.ConfigureSocket(clientSocket);
                        CreateFromSocket(clientSocket, remoteIP);
                        goto ReplenishAccepts;
                    }

                    logger.Debug("{Address} Rejected by socket handler", remoteIP);
                }
            }

            ring.CloseSocket(clientSocket);
        }
        else if (result != -4) // EINTR
        {
            logger.Debug("Accept error: {Result}", result);
        }

        ReplenishAccepts:
        var targetAccepts = _listeners.Length * PendingAcceptsPerListener;
        while (_pendingAcceptCount < targetAccepts && _listeners.Length > 0)
        {
            var listenerIndex = _pendingAcceptCount % _listeners.Length;
            ring.PrepareAccept(_listeners[listenerIndex], 0, 0, IORingUserData.EncodeAccept());
            _pendingAcceptCount++;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Creates a NetState from an accepted socket handle.
    /// </summary>
    internal static NetState CreateFromSocket(nint socketHandle, IPAddress address)
    {
        // Use socket manager to create managed socket (handles buffers, registration, recv posting)
        var socket = _socketManager.CreateSocket(socketHandle);
        if (socket == null)
        {
            logger.Debug("Failed to create socket (resources exhausted)");
            _socketManager.Ring.CloseSocket(socketHandle);
            return null;
        }

        // Create NetState and map by socket ID
        var ns = new NetState(socket, address);
        return _netStates[socket.Id] = ns;
    }

    private static void DisconnectUnattachedSockets()
    {
        var now = Core.Now;

        // Process connecting queue with lazy removal - O(1) operations
        while (_connectingQueue.TryPeek(out var ns))
        {
            // Lazy removal: skip already-authenticated or disconnected connections
            if (!ns.Running || ns.Account != null)
            {
                _connectingQueue.Dequeue();
                continue;
            }

            // If the socket has been connected for less than the limit, we can stop
            // (queue is ordered by connection time, so remaining entries are newer)
            if (now - ns.ConnectedOn < ConnectingSocketIdleLimit)
            {
                break;
            }

            _connectingQueue.Dequeue();

            // Socket must have finished the entire authentication process or be forcibly disconnected
            if (!ns.SentFirstPacket || !ns.Seeded)
            {
                // Only the totally silent ones are evidence. A connection that sent SOME data and ran out of
                // time is far more likely a slow link, and banning those makes the player retry, trip the
                // rate limiter, and compound it into an hours-long ban.
                if (!ns._receivedData && Bans.BanConfiguration.Settings.ReportBadConnects)
                {
                    Bans.BanChannel.Report(
                        ns.Address,
                        Bans.BanConfiguration.Settings.BadConnectDuration,
                        Bans.BanReasons.SilentConnect
                    );
                }

                ns.Disconnect(null);

                // Force immediate cleanup - these are unauthenticated connections
                // where graceful disconnect can get stuck with pending sends.
                if (ns._socket is { DisconnectPending: true })
                {
                    _socketManager.DisconnectImmediate(ns._socket);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public static void FlushAll()
    {
        while (_flushPending.TryDequeue(out var ns))
        {
            if (ns == null)
            {
                continue;
            }

            // Reset flag to allow re-queueing if more data is added later
            ns._flushQueued = false;

            if (ns.Running)
            {
                ns._socket?.QueueSend();
            }
        }

        // Submit any pending operations
        _socketManager?.Submit();
    }

    public static void Slice()
    {
        var curTicks = Core.TickCount;
        DisconnectUnattachedSockets();

        // Process throttled states
        while (_throttled.Count > 0)
        {
            var ns = _throttled.Dequeue();
            if (ns.Running)
            {
                ns.HandleReceive(true);
            }
        }

        // This is enqueued by HandleReceive if already throttled and still throttled
        while (_throttledPending.Count > 0)
        {
            _throttled.Enqueue(_throttledPending.Dequeue());
        }

        // Process queued movements at proper intervals
        MovementThrottle.ProcessAllQueues();

        // Process all completions through the manager FIRST
        // This ensures DataReceived events are processed and HandleReceive runs,
        // which may call Send() and add to _flushPending
        var eventCount = _socketManager.ProcessCompletions(_events);

        for (var i = 0; i < eventCount; i++)
        {
            ref var evt = ref _events[i];

            switch (evt.Type)
            {
                case RingSocketEventType.Accept:
                    {
                        // Handle accept - AcceptedSocketHandle contains the result
                        HandleAcceptCompletion((int)evt.AcceptedSocketHandle);
                        break;
                    }

                case RingSocketEventType.DataReceived:
                    {
                        var nsRecv = _netStates[evt.Socket.Id];
                        // Verify generation via object identity to avoid stale completion issues
                        if (nsRecv != null && nsRecv._socket == evt.Socket)
                        {
                            nsRecv.NextActivityCheck = curTicks + 30000;
                            HandleDataReceived(nsRecv, evt.BytesTransferred);
                        }
                        break;
                    }

                case RingSocketEventType.DataSent:
                    {
                        var nsSend = _netStates[evt.Socket.Id];
                        // Verify generation via object identity
                        if (nsSend != null && nsSend._socket == evt.Socket)
                        {
                            // Update activity check on successful send
                            nsSend.NextActivityCheck = curTicks + 30000;
                            nsSend.TryShrinkSendBuffer(curTicks);
                        }
                        break;
                    }

                case RingSocketEventType.Disconnected:
                    {
                        var nsDisc = _netStates[evt.Socket.Id];
                        // Verify generation via object identity
                        if (nsDisc != null && nsDisc._socket == evt.Socket)
                        {
                            HandleDisconnected(nsDisc);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
            }
        }

        // Process flush queue AFTER event processing
        // This ensures sends triggered by HandleReceive (via packet handlers like SendPlayServerAck)
        // are queued in the SAME Slice, not the next one
        while (_flushPending.TryDequeue(out var ns))
        {
            // Reset flag to allow re-queueing if more data is added later
            ns._flushQueued = false;

            if (ns.Running)
            {
                ns._socket?.QueueSend();
            }
        }

        // CRITICAL: Process send queue NOW to post pending sends
        // This ensures PostSend() runs and sets SendPending=true BEFORE disconnect checks
        // Without this, Disconnect() would see SendPending=false even though data is queued
        _socketManager.ProcessSendQueue();

        // Process pending disconnects AFTER flush queue AND send queue processing
        // This ensures the traditional order: Game Logic (Sends/Disconnects) → Receives → Flush → Disconnect
        // Any Send() calls made after Disconnect() in the same tick are flushed before disconnect
        while (_pendingDisconnects.TryDequeue(out var ns))
        {
            // Reset flag to allow re-queueing if reconnect happens
            ns._disconnectQueued = false;

            if (ns.Running && ns._socket != null)
            {
                // RingSocket.Disconnect() handles graceful disconnect:
                // - Waits for pending sends to flush (if SendBuffer.ReadableBytes > 0)
                // - Waits for in-flight I/O to complete
                // - Ensures buffers aren't released while kernel is still using them
                ns._socket.Disconnect();

                if (ns._socket.DisconnectPending)
                {
                    ns.ArmDrainDeadline(curTicks);
                }
            }
        }

        // Submit any queued operations
        _socketManager.Submit();

        // Process disposes
        while (_disposed.TryDequeue(out var ns))
        {
            ns.DisposeInternal();
        }

        // Check for dead connections AFTER processing all completions.
        // Recv completions reset NextActivityCheck, so after a server stall,
        // buffered client pings update timestamps before this check fires.
        if (curTicks - _nextAliveCheck >= 0)
        {
            _nextAliveCheck = curTicks + AliveCheckIntervalMs;
            CheckAllAlive();
        }
    }

    private static void HandleDataReceived(NetState ns, int bytesReceived)
    {
        if (!ns._running)
        {
            return;
        }

        if (bytesReceived > 0)
        {
            ns._receivedData = true;
        }

        // Data is already committed to buffer by RingSocketManager
        // Decode if encryption is enabled
        ns.DecryptRecvBuffer(bytesReceived);

        // Process packets
        ns.HandleReceive();
    }

    private static void HandleDisconnected(NetState ns)
    {
        var slotId = ns._socket.Id;

        // IMPORTANT: Check if the slot still points to this NetState
        // During quick reconnect, the slot might have been reused for a new connection
        var currentNs = _netStates[slotId];
        if (currentNs != ns)
        {
            // Slot was already reused - don't clear it!
            // Just mark this NetState as not running and queue for dispose
            ns._running = false;
            _disposed.Enqueue(ns);
            return;
        }

        // Clear the NetState slot
        _netStates[slotId] = null;

        // Mark as not running and queue for dispose
        ns._running = false;
        _disposed.Enqueue(ns);
    }

    public static void CheckAllAlive()
    {
        try
        {
            var curTicks = Core.TickCount;

            foreach (var ns in Instances)
            {
                ns.CheckAlive(curTicks);
                ns.TryShrinkSendBuffer(curTicks);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            TraceException(ex);
        }
    }
}