ModernUO/dev-docs/runuo-migration-docs/11-api-reference.md
Kamron Batman e07416902a
feat: derive the Running bit from the step pace and fix step-pacing bursts (#2599)
Stacked on #2594. Fixes jerky creature movement (lich / Fast-bucket melee chases) by choosing the client animation flag from the actual step pace instead of a caller-supplied `run` argument, and fixes three step-pacing defects in the move budget found while verifying it with paired server/client traces.

### Why

The `Direction.Running` bit does nothing for creatures server-side (`Mobile.OnMove` reads it only for the player throttle and stealth reveal). Its whole effect is on the client, which animates each step over a fixed time selected by that bit: walk 400 ms / run 200 ms on foot, 200 / 100 ms mounted. ClassicUO queues up to 5 steps and *drops* the sixth, so a creature stepping every 300 ms while flagged as walking backs the queue up until it snaps forward — the observed jerk.

The `run` argument never carried the one fact that matters (the step interval). RunUO passed `true` in combat / `false` for pets and gated it on `dist > 5`; #2271 flipped every combat site to `false`; pets passed `currentDistance > 2`. None of that is a coherent signal.

### What

**Pace-derived run flag**
- `BaseAI.ShouldRun()`: run iff the effective step delay (move clock + badly-hurt inflation) is shorter than `Movement.WalkFootDelay` / `WalkMountDelay` (mounted or flying) — with a continuity rule: an *isolated* step (taken after standing at least a walk interval) goes out as a walk, because the client renders each step alone and a lone run-flagged step is a 200 ms dart. Only a continuing cadence flags run; a true sprinter (pace under the run interpolation) always runs, since a walk-rendered first step would flood the client's 5-step queue. This reproduces RunUO's close-in feel (its `dist > 5` gate) from first principles.
- `DoMoveImpl` stamps the bit; it is the single place the flag is set.
- `run` removed from `MoveTo`, `WalkMobileRange`, `ApproachTarget`, `MoveToPoint`, `MoveToWithGroup`, `MoveToWithCollisionAvoidance`, the move intent, and `PathFollower.Follow`. All 35 call sites updated. **API change** for custom scripts — documented in the RunUO migration docs (`09-items-mobiles-creatures.md`, `11-api-reference.md`) and `content-patterns.md` § Creature Speeds.

**Move-budget pacing fixes** (each confirmed by UTC-aligned server/client step traces)
- A stall no longer banks catch-up steps: the budget's snap-to-now released up to three steps in ~300 ms when a creature resumed chasing after standing beside its target — rendered as a teleport.
- Debt accrual removed entirely: a step landing sub-period late (think-grid vs budget misalignment during reactive mirroring) kept the remainder and fired a follow-up ~100 ms later — a dart pair. `ConsumeMoveBudget` now paces every step from when it was actually taken; in continuous pursuit the move-wake lands within wheel resolution of the deadline, so the cost is single-digit-ms drift.
- Net effect: a creature can never step faster than its pace, verified across a full chase session (zero sub-pace steps; metronomic 350 ms cadence for a 0.3 s lich).

- Test fixture now runs `Movement.Configure()` (the walk delays were 0 in tests).

### Accepted trade-off

Animal (LOW group) bodies without a run animation slide on their stand frames when flagged as running. Most are slow enough to stay flagged as walking; the client-side fallback is in ClassicUO/ClassicUO#1930.

### Tests

`RunFlagTests`: foot thresholds (0.3 / 0.125 run; 0.4 / 0.45 / 1.05 walk), flying uses the mount threshold, badly-hurt inflation flips a 0.35 s creature back to walk, a real `DoMove` stamps the bit, isolated steps drop to walk (sprinters keep running), a stall restarts the cadence with no banked steps, and a late step earns no quicker follow-up. Full suite: 837 Server + 747 UOContent green.
2026-08-30 16:48:52 -07:00

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# API Reference — RunUO to ModernUO Mapping
## Quick Lookup
Alphabetical by RunUO API name. Use Ctrl+F / Cmd+F to search.
## Attributes
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `[Constructable]` | `[Constructible]` | Spelling change |
| `[CommandProperty(AccessLevel)]` | `[SerializedCommandProperty(AccessLevel)]` | On `[SerializableField]` fields |
| `[CommandProperty(AccessLevel)]` | `[CommandProperty(AccessLevel)]` | On `[SerializableProperty]` properties (unchanged) |
| `[CorpseName("name")]` | `public override string CorpseName => "name";` | Attribute → property override |
| `[Constructable]` | `[Constructible]` | Must use `using ModernUO.Serialization;` |
| `[Usage("...")]` | `[Usage("...")]` | Unchanged |
| `[Description("...")]` | `[Description("...")]` | Unchanged |
| N/A | `[Aliases("a1", "a2")]` | New in ModernUO |
| N/A | `[SerializationGenerator(ver, enc)]` | New — replaces manual Serialize/Deserialize |
| N/A | `[SerializableField(idx)]` | New — auto-generates property + serialization |
| N/A | `[SerializableProperty(idx)]` | New — custom property serialization |
| N/A | `[InvalidateProperties]` | New — auto-calls InvalidateProperties on set |
| N/A | `[AfterDeserialization]` | New — post-deserialize hook |
| N/A | `[DeltaDateTime]` | New — relative DateTime storage |
| N/A | `[EncodedInt]` | New — variable-length int encoding |
| N/A | `[InternString]` | New — string interning on load |
| N/A | `[Tidy]` | New — auto-clean null entries in collections |
| N/A | `[CanBeNull]` | New — nullable reference field |
| N/A | `[TypeAlias("old.name")]` | New — backward-compatible type mapping |
## Classes
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `BinaryFileWriter` | `IGenericWriter` (via GenericPersistence) | No manual file writing |
| `BinaryFileReader` | `IGenericReader` (via GenericPersistence) | No manual file reading |
| `GenericWriter` | `IGenericWriter` | Interface now |
| `GenericReader` | `IGenericReader` | Interface now |
| `Gump` | `DynamicGump` or `StaticGump<T>` | See 04-gumps.md |
| `ObjectPropertyList` (parameter) | `IPropertyList` | Interface for GetProperties |
| `Packet` (base class) | Removed — use static methods | See 05-packets.md |
| `PacketWriter` | `SpanWriter` | Ref struct |
| `PacketReader` | `SpanReader` | Ref struct |
| `Timer` (subclass pattern) | `Timer.StartTimer()` + `TimerExecutionToken` | See 03-timers.md |
| `TextRelay` | Removed — use `info.GetTextEntry(id)` | Returns string directly |
| `RelayInfo` | `RelayInfo` (passed with `in`) | `in RelayInfo` in OnResponse |
## Constructors
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `MyItem(Serial serial) : base(serial)` | DELETE | Auto-generated |
| `BaseCreature(AI, Fight, 10, 1, 0.2, 0.4)` | `BaseCreature(AI, Fight)` | Extra params have defaults |
## Events (EventSink)
| RunUO | ModernUO | Signature |
|---|---|---|
| `EventSink.Login` | `EventSink.Connected` | `LoginEventArgs``Action<Mobile>` |
| `EventSink.Logout` | `EventSink.Disconnected` | `LogoutEventArgs``Action<Mobile>` |
| `EventSink.WorldSave` | `EventSink.WorldSave` | `WorldSaveEventArgs``Action` |
| `EventSink.WorldLoad` | `EventSink.WorldLoad` | `Action` |
| `EventSink.ServerStarted` | `EventSink.ServerStarted` | `Action` |
| `EventSink.Crashed` | `EventSink.ServerCrashed` | Renamed |
| `EventSink.Speech` | `EventSink.Speech` | `Action<SpeechEventArgs>` |
| `EventSink.Movement` | `EventSink.Movement` | `Action<MovementEventArgs>` |
| `EventSink.AggressiveAction` | `EventSink.AggressiveAction` | `Action<AggressiveActionEventArgs>` |
| `EventSink.AccountLogin` | `EventSink.AccountLogin` | `Action<AccountLoginEventArgs>` |
| `EventSink.SocketConnect` | `EventSink.SocketConnect` | `Action<SocketConnectEventArgs>` |
| `EventSink.Shutdown` | `EventSink.Shutdown` | `Action` |
| `EventSink.BeforeWorldSave` | Removed | Use `WorldSave` |
| `EventSink.PlayerDeath` | `PlayerMobile.PlayerDeathEvent` | CodeGeneratedEvent |
| `EventSink.CreatureDeath` | `BaseCreature.CreatureDeathEvent` | CodeGeneratedEvent |
## Event Delegates
| RunUO | ModernUO |
|---|---|
| `new WorldSaveEventHandler(Save)` | `Save` (direct method reference) |
| `new WorldLoadEventHandler(Load)` | `Load` |
| `new LoginEventHandler(OnLogin)` | `OnConnected` |
| `new LogoutEventHandler(OnLogout)` | `OnDisconnected` |
| `new SpeechEventHandler(OnSpeech)` | `OnSpeech` |
| `new TimerCallback(Method)` | `Method` |
| `new TimerStateCallback(Method)` | `Method` (typed overloads) |
| `new OnPacketReceive(Handler)` | `&Handler` (function pointer) |
## Gump Methods
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `AddPage(0)` | `builder.AddPage()` | 0 is default |
| `AddBackground(...)` | `builder.AddBackground(...)` | On builder |
| `AddAlphaRegion(...)` | `builder.AddAlphaRegion(...)` | On builder |
| `AddLabel(x, y, hue, text)` | `builder.AddLabel(x, y, hue, text)` | On builder |
| `AddHtml(x, y, w, h, text, bg, scroll)` | `builder.AddHtml(x, y, w, h, text, background: bg, scrollbar: scroll)` | Named params |
| `AddHtmlLocalized(...)` | `builder.AddHtmlLocalized(...)` | On builder |
| `AddButton(x, y, n, p, id, Reply, 0)` | `builder.AddButton(x, y, n, p, id)` | Reply is default |
| `AddTextEntry(...)` | `builder.AddTextEntry(...)` | On builder |
| `AddCheck(x, y, off, on, state, id)` | `builder.AddCheckbox(x, y, off, on, state, id)` | Renamed |
| `Closable = false` | `builder.SetNoClose()` | Property → method |
| `Dragable = false` | `builder.SetNoMove()` | Renamed |
| `Resizable = false` | `builder.SetNoResize()` | Property → method |
| `Disposable = false` | `builder.SetNoDispose()` | Property → method |
| `from.SendGump(new G(...))` | `G.DisplayTo(from, ...)` | Static entry point |
| `from.CloseGump(typeof(G))` | `from.CloseGump<G>()` | Generic |
| `from.HasGump(typeof(G))` | `from.HasGump<G>()` | Generic |
## Gump Response
| RunUO | ModernUO |
|---|---|
| `OnResponse(NetState, RelayInfo)` | `OnResponse(NetState, in RelayInfo)` |
| `info.TextEntries[i].Text` | `info.GetTextEntry(id)` |
| `info.IsSwitched(id)` | `info.IsSwitched(id)` (same) |
| `info.ButtonID` | `info.ButtonID` (same) |
## Methods
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `DateTime.UtcNow` | `Core.Now` | Server time source |
| `Console.WriteLine(...)` | `logger.Information(...)` | Structured logging |
| `World.FindMobile(serial)` | `reader.ReadEntity<Mobile>()` | In deserialization |
| `World.FindItem(serial)` | `reader.ReadEntity<Item>()` | In deserialization |
| `reader.ReadMobile()` | `reader.ReadEntity<Mobile>()` | Generic method |
| `reader.ReadItem()` | `reader.ReadEntity<Item>()` | Generic method |
| `reader.ReadInt()` | `reader.ReadInt()` | Same |
| `writer.Write((int)value)` | `writer.Write(value)` | No cast needed |
| `writer.WriteEncodedInt(value)` | `writer.WriteEncodedInt(value)` | Same |
| `InvalidateProperties()` | `InvalidateProperties()` | Same, or use `[InvalidateProperties]` |
| `this.MarkDirty()` | `this.MarkDirty()` | NEW — required in custom setters |
| `MoveTo(m, run, range)` | `MoveTo(m, range)` | `run` removed; the Running bit is derived from the step pace (`BaseAI.ShouldRun`) |
| `WalkMobileRange(m, steps, run, min, max)` | `WalkMobileRange(m, steps, min, max)` | Same |
| `PathFollower.Follow(run, range)` | `Follow(range)` | Same |
## Networking
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `ns.Send(new MyPacket(...))` | `ns.SendMyPacket(...)` | Extension method |
| `Packet.Compile()` | Not needed | Stack-allocated |
| `Packet.SetStatic()` | Not needed | Reuse via buffer[0] != 0 guard |
| `PacketHandlers.Register(...)` | `IncomingPackets.Register(...)` | Function pointers |
| `m_Stream.Write(value)` | `writer.Write(value)` | SpanWriter |
| `pvSrc.ReadInt32()` | `reader.ReadInt32()` | SpanReader |
| `pvSrc.ReadString()` | `reader.ReadAsciiSafe()` | Explicit encoding |
| `pvSrc.ReadUnicodeStringSafe()` | `reader.ReadBigUniSafe()` | Explicit name |
## Persistence
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `EventSink.WorldSave += Save` | `class X : GenericPersistence` | Subclass |
| `EventSink.WorldLoad += Load` | `override Deserialize(IGenericReader)` | Method |
| `new BinaryFileWriter(path, true)` | Handled by framework | Automatic |
| `BinaryFileReader` / `FileStream` | Handled by framework | Automatic |
| `Directory.CreateDirectory(...)` | Handled by framework | Automatic |
## Properties
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `Name = "text"` (in constructor) | `public override string DefaultName => "text";` | Property override |
| `Name` (custom text) | `DefaultName` (property override) | For fixed names |
| `int Prop { get { return m_X; } }` | `int Prop => _x;` | Expression-bodied |
| `int Prop { get { return m_X; } set { m_X = value; } }` | Auto-generated by `[SerializableField]` | Delete manual property |
## Timer
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `new InternalTimer().Start()` | `Timer.StartTimer(..., out token)` | Fire-and-forget |
| `Timer.DelayCall(delay, callback)` | `Timer.StartTimer(delay, callback)` | Similar |
| `Timer.DelayCall(delay, stateCallback, state)` | `Timer.DelayCall(delay, callback, state)` | Typed state |
| `timer.Stop()` | `token.Cancel()` | Struct, safe to call multiple times |
| `timer.Running` | `token.Running` | Same concept |
| `TimerPriority.XXX` | Removed | Timer wheel auto-schedules |
| Timer in `Deserialize()` | `[AfterDeserialization]` | Post-load hook |
| `timer != null` check | `token.Running` check | Value type, always valid |
## Threading / Performance
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| `lock (_obj)` | Remove | Single-threaded |
| `volatile` | Remove keyword | Single-threaded |
| `ConcurrentDictionary` | `Dictionary` | Single-threaded |
| `Task.Run(...)` | Use `Timer.StartTimer()` | Game loop only |
| `new Thread(...)` | Forbidden | Game loop only |
| `ArrayPool<T>.Shared` | `STArrayPool<T>.Shared` | No-lock pool |
| `new List<T>()` (hot path) | `PooledRefList<T>.Create()` | Zero-alloc |
| `World.Mobiles.Values` iteration | `map.GetMobilesInRange<T>()` | Spatial query |
| `World.Items.Values` iteration | `map.GetItemsInRange<T>()` | Spatial query |
## Usings
| RunUO | ModernUO | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| (implicit) | `using ModernUO.Serialization;` | For serialization attributes |
| (implicit) | `using Server.Logging;` | For logging |
| (implicit) | `using Server.Gumps;` | For gump extension methods |
| (implicit) | `using Server.Collections;` | For PooledRefList |